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REPORT 



pureau of Jransportation 



DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



JANUARY 3 1 st, 1877. 



PHILADELPHIA. 
1877. 



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International Exhibition, 

1876, 

I'll LADELPHIA. 



Report 



DIRECTOR-GENERAL 



UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 




PHILADELPHIA. 

1S77. 




Entered, according to act of Congress, in the year 1877, by the 

CENTENNIAL BOARD OF FINANCE, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 






REPORT 



OF THE 



Bureau of Transportation 



TO THE 



DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



JANUARY j is/, 1877. 



PHILADELPHIA. 
r8 77 . 















United States Centennial Commission. 



BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION. 



Chief of Bureau, 
DOLPHUS TORREY. 

Superintendent of Customs Department, 
J. W. HAMPTON, Jr. 

Cashier, 
ETHELBERT WATTS. 

Accountants, 
ROBERT W. BEATTY, 
W. H. WOODWARD. 

Chief Clerk, 
RICHARD GRAHAM. 



Contractors, 

CENTENNIAL TERMINAL AGENCY, Limited. 



CONTENTS, 



PAGE 

Foreign transportation of goods and visitors, 1 1 

Transportation of goods in the United States 15 

Receipt of exhibits, — Terminal Service, 17 

Storage of empty packing-cases, 32 

General observations, 33 

The Terminal Force, — Contractors, 34 

Removal of exhibits, 36 

Customs regulations, 37 

Railroads running to Philadelphia, 42 

Transportation of visitors to Philadelphia, 45 

Local transportation of visitors, 46 

Transportation of visitors within the Exhibition, 54 

Railroad Ticket Offices within the Exhibition, 59 

Lodgings for visitors 59 



STATEMENTS. 

(A.) Freight rates for foreign goods, 64 

(B.) Passenger rates for Foreign Commissioners, exhibitors, &c, .... 65 

(C.) Freight rates for American goods, 66 

(D.) Passenger rates for American visitors, 67 

(E.) Sidings for goods from their respective countries, 68 

(F.) Number of packages and weight of goods received weekly, .... 68 

(G.) Number of packages and weight of goods received from each country, 69 

(H.) Quantity of exhibits removed by railroad, 70 

(I.) Quantity of exhibits removed, — by countries, 71 

(J.) Number of empty cases stored, — by countries, 72 

(K.) Number of men employed by the Terminal Agency, by weeks, ... 73 

(L.) Equipment used in receiving goods, 73 

(M.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by railroad, ... 74 

(N.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by tramway, . . . 75 

(O.) Facilities for the transportation of local passengers by steamboats, . 75 

(P.) Facilities for the transportation of visitors within the Exhibition, . . 76 

(R.) Relative to European and American passenger rates, 77 

(S.) Local excursion rates, 80 

(T.) Comparison of rates for passengers in America with those in Europe, 82 

Appendix, 83 



(5) 



NOTE. — The railroad tracks used in receiving 
goods are represented by Jteavy tines, the narrow- 
gauge passenger railroad by dotted lines, and horse 
railroads by fine continuous lines. The figures 
indicate the platforms and sidings at which cars 
were unloaded. 




-^^PJSNNA. RAILROAD TO PITTSBURG &JTSE WEST 

f???T 7 T T *f : 



SC ALE 



1==5F 






1 



.— _...__-_. 



Situation flan, 

International Exhibition, 

Philadelphia, 1876. 




U Vt STOCK Ett 



ILLUSTRATIONS. 



MAPS. 

PAGE 

1. Map showing the location of railroad tracks used in receiving goods, . 6 

2. Water frontage of the Port of Philadelphia, with railroad lines connect- 

ing the Exhibition with the City, 12 

3. Railroad lines in the vicinity of Philadelphia, 56 

VIEWS. 

1. Centennial Depot of the Pennsylvania Railroad, 10 

2. Pennsylvania Railroad Ticket Office within the Exhibition, 58 

3. Cook, Son & Jenkins' World's Ticket and Inquiry Office within the 

Exhibition 60 

FIGURES. 

1. View of stationary platform on the north side of the Main Building, 

four feet high in front, one hundred and fifty feet long, and twenty 
feet wide, with approaches to the building, 14 

2. Wagon truck, sixteen inches high, platform four by eight feet, wheels 

eight-inch face and twelve inches in diameter, capacity to carry 

ten to fifteen tons ; different sizes used, 20 

3. Warehouse truck for general use, 21 

4. Express truck for light packages, 22 

5. Portable platforms used where stationary platforms could not be built, 

principally in Machinery Building; size, twelve feet wide, four feet 
high in front, and twenty inches at the foot, and vai - ying in length 
from eight to twelve feet, 23 

6. Portable platform, No. 2, cut away at the foot to admit running wagon 

trucks under it, to receive very heavy articles 23 

7. Trestle for supporting stationary platforms 24 

8. Steam locomotive crane, capacity, five tons, Appleby Brothers, London, 25 

9. Portable hoist for transporting into position, without handling, articles 

lifted from cars, or to be loaded upon them ; capacity, three or 
four tons ; wheels under it eight-inch face and diameter, 26 

10. Traction road engine, with three-ton crane attached, Aveling & 

Porter, London, England 27 

11. Rack for handling extra large plates of glass, 28 

12. Diagram of the quantity of goods received weekly, 30 

13. Locomotive used on the Passenger Railroad within the Exhibition, . . 54 

14. Passenger car used upon the Passenger Railroad within the Exhibition, 55 

15. Rolling-Chair used within the Exhibition, 57 

(8) 



United States Centennial Commission, 
Bureau of Transportation, 

Philadelphia, January 31st, 1877. 



Alfred T. Goshorn, Esq., Director-General, 

Dear Sir : — I herewith transmit to you my report of the 
service and work of the Bureau of Transportation, of which I 
had the honor to have charge. In it are included an account 
of the operations of transportation companies affecting, and of 
customs regulations relating to, the interests of the Exhibition ; 
and appended to it are a series of statements illustrating and 
completing it, also copies of all official circulars issued by the 
Bureau, important blanks, customs regulations, and other doc- 
uments, which, with the report, are intended to present a clear 
account of such matters as have made the history of this 
department of your administration. 



I am, very respectfully yours, 



D. TORREY, 

Chief of Bureau. 



(9) 



IfflPIIIWIlliifllllfllWP^^ 




REPORT 



OF THE 



Bureau of Transportation. 



The duties of administration assigned to the Bureau of Duties of 

r . ..... n administration. 

Transportation at the date ot its organization, April ist, 1875, 
are named in the circular then issued: — "Foreign transporta- 
tion for goods and visitors, transportation for goods and visitors 
in the United States, local transportation, and warehousing 
and customs regulations," and are herein spoken of in the 
same order, so far as the relation of the subjects will admit. 

FOREIGN TRANSPORTATION. 
The transportation of goods and visitors from foreign Foreign 

... ., . transportation. 

countries to the Exhibition was necessarily so distributed as 
to require the service of the principal railroad and ocean 
transportation lines of the world. The securing from these 
companies located without the limits of the United States of 
favorable rates and privileges for goods and visitors brought 
to the Exhibition had, in the nature of the case, to rest with 
the respective commissioners of the countries participating. 
The rates secured by them are given in statements, page 64. 

The attendance at the Exhibition of visitors from foreign Passenger rates 
countries, other than from Canada and the nations of Europe, ^sitors! 8 " 
has been unimportant in number, and in all cases independent 
of official arrangements for concessions in rates, which have 
been for members of commissions, exhibitors, and attendants 
only. Regular saloon passage rates (gold) were, according 
to the line of vessels and the accommodations furnished, as 

(") 



Of Til WAT II FBDNTAQE 01 Til FOET 

OF 

PHILADELPHIA. 




REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 3 

follows: — From Liverpool to New York, one way, from $51.10 Bureau of 
to $126.53; out an d back, from $128.88 to $219. From 
Liverpool to Philadelphia, one way, from $70 to $100; and 
out and back, from $125 to $180. From Antwerp to Phila- 
delphia, one way, $90; out and back, $160; second cabin, 
one way, $60, and out and back, $108. 

It is unnecessary to state in detail the character of the Transportation 

of foreign 

arrangements made by the commissioners of the different exhibits, 
countries for the transportation of their goods. In some in- 
stances it was by special charters of either steam or sailing 
vessels, but usually it was effected by contracts with companies 
running regular lines of steamers to American ports. Some 
of these contracts were for a stated rate per ton, irrespective 
of the class of goods, and some provided for a schedule of 
rates varying, per ton, according to the classification of goods 
established by the company. Exhibits from China and Japan 
were brought to San Francisco by the Pacific Mail Steamship 
Company at half rates, and forwarded from that port by the 
Pacific railroads, which, with the railroad lines between 
Omaha and Chicago, most generously gave free transporta- 
tion from San Francisco to Chicago for seventy-four car-loads 
of these goods. 

Foreign goods arriving at Philadelphia by vessels were Transfer from 

vessel to tKe 

transported from the wharves to the Exhibition by railroad. Exhibition at 

t>i • 1 • -T- t^ / Philadelphia. 

The special regulations of the Treasury Department (page 1 14.) 
required the goods to be held at the wharves until a ware- 
house entry of them was made, when a permit was issued 
authorizing them to be forwarded to the Exhibition ; but in 
very many cases, from want of proper invoices, or the absence 
of owners, the entry could not be made, and the regulation 
became inoperative. The goods were landed and placed on 
cars under the supervision of a customs officer, who sealed 
the cars, and transmitted manifests of the loads to the customs 
officers at the Exhibition. 

Foreign goods arriving at New York and Baltimore were At New York 
transported to the Exhibition in sealed cars, after a transpor- an 
tation entry of the goods had been made. On arrival at the 
Exhibition these cars were unloaded after warehouse entry 
had been made. In both cases the regulation was sometimes 
suspended by the Secretary of the Treasury for exhibitors 



14 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 




REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I 5 

unable to present proper invoices of their goods. To provide Bureau of 

r . ..... Transportation. 

for the transportation of these goods the railroad companies 
performing the service gave a special bond for the security 
of the Government. 

Foreign goods arriving at San Francisco were subject to AtSan 

Fra.ncisco 

the customs regulations applicable in ordinary commercial 
business, transportation entry and bond at that place, and 
warehouse entry, as above, at Philadelphia. 

Canadian goods were shipped in cars sealed by the United Canadian goods. 
States consul at the place of shipment, and, on arrival at the 
Exhibition, after warehouse entry, were, as in all other cases, 
unloaded under the supervision of a customs officer, who 
alone could break the seals of the cars. 



TRANSPORTATION OF GOODS IN THE UNITED 

STATES. 

Concessions in rates for the transportation of Exhibition concessions for 
goods in the United States and Canada were asked for in turn of American 

. , exhibits. 

circular No. ioo (page 85), sent to the managers of all the 
railroad and steamboat lines in the two countries. To secure 
uniformity of action by them, the subject was earnestly can- 
vassed at several meetings of their general freight agents, 
one being called for this special purpose. However, nothing 
was concluded until the joint arrangement of the four trunk 
lines (page 87) was announced, when the following letter was 
distributed, in blank, for signature: — 

"This company will transport at regular rates all articles 
intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 
1876, at Philadelphia, as well as all other articles forwarded 
by exhibitors for their own use, in connection with the Exhi- 
bition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all 
charges to be prepaid in every case." 

To which replies were received from all important lines, a 
list of which is given in circular No. 164 (page 87). 

The transportation of Exhibition goods for regular rates in Regular rates in 
one direction, as announced by the companies, was a liberal 
concession, owing to the very low rates for freight transpor- 
tation generally prevailing throughout the country, and did 



i6 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Free 
transportation. 



Co-operation of 
railroad officers. 



Instructions to 
railroad agents. 



Proposed 

method 

of receiving 

exhibits. 



not, in many cases, even cover the cost of returning the goods 
from the Exhibition. The companies would have suffered a 
direct loss of revenue in so doing but for the sale of exhibits 
relieving them of the obligation to return free a large propor- 
tion of them. Many railroad companies gave, within the 
States where located, free transportation for articles intended 
for the collective exhibitions of their respective States, thus 
contributing materially to the success of such exhibits. 

The officers of the Exhibition were seconded in all their 
efforts and arrangements for the transportation of goods by 
the officers of nearly every railroad and other transportation 
company in America. All goods arriving by railroad being 
necessarily delivered over the line of the Pennsylvania Rail- 
road Company, the tracks of which alone connected with 
tracks within the Exhibition grounds, the business of this 
Bureau was, with few exceptions, conducted with that com- 
pany for the entire system of railroads in the United States 
and Canada. This condition led to a full discussion and 
agreement with the officers of that company as to the forms 
and manner in which the business should be conducted, which 
agreement was followed by the publication of circular No. 
144 (page 98), and the issuing of instructions to their agents 
by the officials of transportation companies. 

The essential points in the instructions issued to the agents 
of transportation companies by general freight agents were: — 
First, No article to be received for transportation to the 
Exhibition unless marked with official tags or labels; Second, 
Prepayment of all charges and expenses of every kind inci- 
dent to transportation to be required, so that on arrival at the 
Exhibition the goods may be delivered without awaiting the 
consignee; and, Third, As far as practicable, to load cars for 
one siding only. 

Printed descriptions and explanations of the proposed 
method of conducting the business of receiving exhibits were 
sent to each American exhibitor and to foreign commissioners, 
accompanied with a copy of circular No. 142, with explana- 
tory notes and such other information as would fully acquaint 
them with the requirements necessary to conform to the regu- 
lations in shipping their goods to the Exhibition (page 90). 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 17 

THE RECEIPT OF GOODS— TERMINAL SERVICE. Tra B n ™L. 

The labor of preparing for an exhibition of such magnitude The receipt of 
is attended by many perplexing uncertainties ; and in no de- 
partment of the general work are these more manifest than 
in that of transportation, very little being known in advance 
of the gross quantity of goods, or of the characteristics of 
articles of exceptional weight or dimension which will be 
received, though this information has great value in deter- 
mining the character and extent of facilities to be provided. 

With regard to circumstances attending the Exhibition of Belay in 

applying for 

1876, it is to be remembered that there was a tardiness on the space. 
part of Americans in applying for exhibiting space; so that, at 
a date when all the buildings to be erected should have been 
in process of construction, not over one-fourth of those 
Americans who finally became exhibitors had made application 
for the privilege. At that time the methods of the Bureau 
of Transportation had to be determined and adapted to 
requirements varying from a condition in which the principal 
buildings might be not fully occupied, to one, as finally 
proved to be the case, in which the park would be crowded 
with annexes and supplementary buildings. The problem The problem. 
was to provide the best method for receiving an indefinite 
but very large quantity of goods, comprising articles and pack- 
ages of unknown weights, dimensions, and peculiarities, while 
the service was to be performed within an unstated, but 
certainly limited, period of time. 

As to the quantity of goods to be received, a general survey Estimate of 
of the situation in 1875 showed a probable need of facilities to be received. 
for handling forty thousand tons net ; but, to meet contin- 
gencies, it was decided to prepare to handle even more, if 
necessary; or, in other words, to have an expansive arrange- 
ment. It will be understood that such requirements depend 
more upon the time within which goods may arrive than on 
their quantity. The disposition of a thousand car loads of 
articles may be a trifling matter if spread over ten days' time, 
but if they are to be handled within three days' time, it might 
over-tax every facility provided for the purpose. 

The prominent features of the plan adopted, and their Plan adopted, 
relative importance, are as follows : — First, The service of an 



i8 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Assorting cars. 



Numerous 
sidings provided 



Direction labels 
and tags. 



organized body of men, known as the terminal force, common 
to the whole work, who, to the exclusion of exhibitors, their 
agents, and commissioners, should unload cars, place goods on 
the space to which directed, and perform all related service ; 
Second, The provision of separate sidings for limited sections 
of the exhibiting space or portions of the enclosure; Third, 
The construction of these sidings so that the use of any one 
would not interfere with the running of cars to and from any 
other; Fourth, Freight platforms, built to the height of the car 
floors and arranged for the use of trucks for transporting goods 
from the cars to their destination. 

On arrival at the Centennial station of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, cars were marked for the siding within the Exhi- 
bition at which they were to be unloaded, and they were 
assorted on a series of tracks, bringing together cars for the 
same siding. As required, an engine would draw from these 
distributing tracks cars for a particular place within the Exhi- 
bition, and place them to be unloaded (table, page 68). 

It was desirable that goods in cars should be transported to 
a point as near their destination in the Exhibition as possible, 
so there were provided many places of delivery — sidings 
within the grounds. This multiplication and distribution of 
sidings, by dividing the work, permitted a large increase of 
the laboring force without introducing confusion, thereby 
securing the feature of expansion which, it was foreseen, might 
become of the utmost importance if the receipt of the bulk 
of the exhibits should be crowded into the few days imme- 
diately preceding the opening of the Exhibition. 

So much depended upon the accuracy of the directions 
placed on packages that the printed labels and tags were filled 
in to meet the requirements of each lot of goods, and mailed 
to American exhibitors, with explicit instructions how to use 
them. It was intended that this should be done in the case 
of foreign exhibitors by the respective national Commissions. 
The assignments of space in the foreign sections being deter- 
mined and marked on plans of the buildings by the foreign 
Commissioners, they only could give accurate shipping direc- 
tions for their different exhibitors. These labels or tags, 
with the manner of filling, will be understood from the 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



19 



following copy of one, the flag and name of each country Bureau of 
being printed on its labels: — 



TO THE 

DIRECTOR-GENERAL 

OF THE 

UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION, 

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, 

AT PHILADELPHIA. 






ZMU^IZDsT 


IBTTIIilDIIsra-- 


Siding No. 3. 


N. by. 






Exhibitor, 

7. L. Mott Iron Works. 


Location, 


Address, 


No. of ) 
Application, J 


2471. 






Neiv York. 


N °- \ Serial,.. . . * 


Weight,.. 


_$ b Pounds. 






Packages, J Total, &4 



The location in the building to which an article was ad- Location of 
dressed was known from the directions on the labels, which 
were in accordance with the system of designating columns and 
the plan of marking off spaces on the floor. Each column 
within the building was lettered and numbered; the letters 
designating the range of columns in one direction, and the 
numbers the lines crosswise in another, — each exhibitor's loca- 
tion being defined with reference to the nearest column. The 
space allotted each exhibitor was carefully outlined with 
painted lines on the floor and designated by his application- 
number painted within, in large figures, or, as in some of the 
foreign sections, by his name. 

The men employed in the terminal force readily became Locations 
familiar with the manner of finding the exhibitors' space, and 
would move from the siding with loaded trucks and traverse 
the building by the most direct line to the exact spot with- 
out confusion or loss of time. The floors of the buildings 
were laid on the ground, the earth being well packed under 
and between the sills, giving a firm support, which permitted 
running the heavily-laden trucks anywhere over them. 

In case goods were brought to the grounds by cartage or Permits for 
by hand, the bearer reported at the office and received a per- 
mit to enter the grounds, also directions where to deliver his 
load 



20 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Chiefs of 
Bureaus 
custodians of 
departments. 



The arrangements did not permit the carrying of goods in 
and out of the buildings without special written permit, except 
by the terminal force. The risk of stealing precluded any 
other method. 

The chiefs of the Bureaus of Administration had charge of 
the buildings and interests of the Exhibition, as follows : — 

D. Torrey, Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, of the 
reception of goods. 

Henry Pettit, Chief of the Bureau of Installation, of the 
Main Building. 

J. S. Albert, Chief of the Bureau of Machinery, of the 
Machinery Hall. 

Burnet Landreth, Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture, of 
the Agricultural Building. 

Charles H. Miller, Chief of the Bureau of Horticulture, of 
the Horticultural Building. 

John Sartain, Chief of the Bureau of Fine Arts, of the 
Art Galleries. 




Figure 2. — Wagon Truck. 



Receipting for 
goods. 



Express 
companies. 



The Chief of the Bureau of Transportation receipted to the 
railroad companies for the goods brought by them. They were 
placed by the terminal force on the space allotted to the Ex- 
hibitor, when the chief of the Bureau in charge of the building 
receipted to the Bureau of Transportation for and thereby 
became custodian of them. Permits for the reception of 
goods and material were issued by the Bureau of Transporta- 
tion; permits for removing them, by the officers of the Bureau 
in charge of the building. If articles or packages to be 
removed were in a foreign section of the Exhibition, a permit 
was obtained from the customs officer in charge, he being 
responsible, as storekeeper, for the customs duties on them. 

Only the Adams Express Company, of the several companies 
conducting express business, opened an office at the Exhibition. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



21 




Fig. 3. — Warehouse Truck. 



During the continuance of the Bureauof 

Transportation. 

Exhibition there was, through 
this agency, a daily delivery of 
several wagon-loads of small pack- 
ages of supplies delivered to ex- 
hibitors throughout the grounds. 
It would be impossible to devise 
any more convenient and satis- 
factory manner of shipping pack- 
ages of exhibits, to and from an 
Exhibition, than by the system of 
the American express companies. 
They relieve exhibitors of all care 
in having things carted to and 
from depots, taking goods at the 
shipper's door, and delivering them 
in the building to which addressed. 
Railroad tracks for the delivery of exhibits were, as far as Location of 

..... - ,.,. . railroad tracks. 

possible, located without the buildings, for the following 
considerations : — The use of locomotives within the buildings 
was objectionable from the increased risk of accidental fires 
which they could so easily communicate to packing material, 
and from the annoyance of smoke and cinder, which might 
damage delicate fabrics being unpacked and displayed. The 
location of tracks within the buildings also necessitated devot- 
ing, almost exclusively to their use, a much larger part of the 
floor than could be kept for avenues and passage-ways, and 
which, if so taken, would have been unavailable for other 
important requirements. The least width of space of any 
value for tracks must be of the width of the car body, with 
the additional width of space on which to handle goods as 
unloaded, without trespassing upon the locations of exhib- 
itors, and if there are two sidings on one line of track, there 
must be a second track past the first siding, to permit the use 
of both without interference. Exhibitors would, if deprived 
of the use of the floors in the avenues and passage-ways, 
find themselves seriously embarrassed in erecting showcases, 
unpacking exhibits, &c, operations which, to a considerable 
extent, must be conducted thereon. Governed by these con- 
siderations, the rule generally followed was to locate tracks 
without the Exhibition buildings. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Tracks in 
Agricultural 
Hall, Machinery 
Hall, and 
Government 
Building. 



Total length of 

track. 



The exceptions were as follows: — The topographical fea- 
tures of the grounds surrounding Agricultural Hall were such 
as to impose great expense if this general rule were followed, 
and the rails were laid through the south transept of the 
building. To facilitate the delivery within Machinery Hall 
of the exceptionally heavy articles to be received, single- 
track roads were laid in the two principal avenues of that 
building, use being had also of the track which crossed the 
transept connecting the hydraulic annex. Finally, there was 
a line of track through the transept of the United States 
Government building. 

In addition to these tracks within, there were, without the 
buildings, double lines of railway on the south side of Machin- 
ery Hall, on the north side of the Main Building, and a triple 
line of tracks on Belmont avenue, altogether amounting to 
nineteen thousand feet of railroad track. (See plan, page 6.) 




Figure 4. — Express Truck. 



Facilities for 
unloading cars. 



Stationary 
platforms. 



Portable 
platforms. 



The unloading of goods from cars was by different methods, 
varying with the article to be handled, and, also, with the 
facilities which might have been prepared for the general 
requirements of the siding. These methods may be described 
in four general classes : — First, By the aid of stationary plat- 
forms (figure 1), the floors of which were level with the floors 
of railway cars, and which extended to and joined the floors 
of the building, even to a distance of several hundred feet, 
without any step or break, so that trucks (figures 2, 3, and 4) 
were run, loaded with packages from within or by the side 
of cars, direct to the place of delivery within the building; 
Second, By the use of portable sloping platforms down which 
packages were slid as when skids are used. These platforms 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



23 




Figure 5. — Portable Platform. 



were of two kinds, one requiring a package to be lifted from Bureau of 

1 1 r <- Transportation. 

the platform to the wagon-truck for removal (figure 5), the 
other being cut away in the centre and front so that the wagon- 
truck could be run under it (figure 6). This form was specially- 
serviceable in handling very heavy articles, as, when the lower 




Figure 6. — Portable Platform No. 2. 



edge of such articles rested on the truck, the workmen drew 
the truck forward, and in so doing loaded the package ; Third, 
By lifting with cranes, shears, or hoists ; and Fourth, By the Hoisting 
use of skids and hydraulic jacks. 

The stationary platforms referred to were built on simple construction of 
trestles of white pine, shown in figure No. 7, a large number p a ' 
of which were made in advance of use, and, being uniform 
in construction, were available for all platforms to be built. 
They were placed on three-inch plank used for sills, and set 
four or five feet apart, centre to centre. For flooring, three- 
inch planks were spiked over them, completing the platform. 
This construction of platforms admitted of their quick removal 
before the opening of the Exhibition, and of their rapid and 
cheap reconstruction at the close. The portable platforms 






24 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 




Figure 7. — Trestle. 



No tramways in 
Machinery Hal). 



Wagon-trucks. 

Locomotive 

cranes. 



Bureau of were framed of southern pine scantling, four by four, and 

Transportation. 

covered with one-and-a-half-inch boards, also of southern pine, 
laid crosswise, with like boards over these laid down the slope, 
and answering for slideways. 

The original plan of operations contemplated the use of 
tramways in the passage-ways of Machinery Hall, with small 
turn-tables at the points where they intersected the railway 
tracks at the side and within the building, to facilitate the 
transfer of locomotive cranes to different places, and the 
moving of the trucks fitted thereto loaded with exceptionally 
heavy articles; but the very favorable results attained with 
wagon-trucks (figure 2) at the commencement of operations, 
led to an abandonment of the plan. The two locomotive cranes 
of Messrs. Appleby Bros., London (figure 8), were kept during 
stationarycrane. the receipt of goods as stationary cranes (with only two or 
three removals), transferring articles from cars to wagon-trucks, 
which were hauled by laborers to the place of delivery. 
There was also erected, at siding No. 12, a ten- ton stationary 
steam-crane, where it proved a valuable aid in transferring 
heavy articles from cars and wagons to wagon-trucks, to be 
hauled into the building, or from cars to wagons, for transpor- 
tation to parts of the Exhibition grounds not accessible by rail- 
road, the crane being so placed that the jib could swing over 
cars on both lines of track and also over the roadways and 
platforms on either side. In addition to the above-mentioned 
cranes there was the portable hoist (figure 9), which lifted 
articles of three or four tons weight, and held them in suspen- 
sion until hauled to the place of delivery. The Aveling & 
Porter road-engine, with a crane attached (figure 10), rendered 
valuable and efficient service in the grounds, as, with the use 



Portable hoist 



Road-engines 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



25 




26 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Shears. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



of the wagons, it both handled and transported goods in the 
performance of its service. 

The shear spars were rough bodies of pine-trees, equipped 
with common falls and tackle; they were generally seta-straddle 
of the railroad tracks, and, in use, held their loads suspended 
until the car was pulled away and replaced with a wagon- 
truck, to which the article was lowered, and, as before, trans- 
ported to the place of delivery. 




Figure 9. — Portable Hoist. 



Heavy articles. Special mention, to any great extent, of the manner of 
handling particular articles is unnecessary. Several locomo- 
tives, exhibited at considerable distances from the line of track, 
were run to their positions over a portable track constructed in 
sections. Very heavy cannon were lifted with hydraulic 
jacks, blocked up, and pushed over skids into position. 

Plate glass. Large cases of plate glass, which had to be kept on 
edge, were set in a frame, which traveled over loose rollers 
(figure 11). 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



27 




28 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 187b. 




Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Live stock. 



Non-compliance 
with regulations 
occasions 
trouble. 



First arrival of 
exhibits. 



Figure ii. — Rack for Moving Plate Glass. 

The Live-stock Exhibit was on grounds formerly used as a 
stock-yard, adjoining the down track of the main line of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad. The surface of the field is the height 
above the level of the rails of a car floor, and bo'unded by a 
retaining wall, built to facilitate unloading stock-cars, as 
formerly used. The arrangement met every requirement 
of the service ; and to enable us to use it, the officers of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad reserved for this purpose the track 
in front of the grounds, running their trains over other lines 
of rails during such use. 

In some instances, usually with foreign exhibitors, goods 
were forwarded to the Exhibition without complying with the 
regulations relating thereto. These irregularities always 
brought trouble and expense to the exhibitor, and occasioned 
many annoyances to the officers of the Exhibition. They 
served, however, by comparison with the excellent working of 
the service in other cases, to prove the value of the plans 
adopted, by which the enormous quantity of goods sent to an 
exhibition can be satisfactorily handled without that con- 
fusion or disorder thought to be inseparable from such service. 

The first goods to arrive were plants for Horticultural Hall, 
which, for protection from exposure in early spring, were 
placed in the building in October, 1875. From that time to 
the close of the Exhibition there were arrivals almost daily 
of something, often a trifling article as regards weight, &c, 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 29 

but yet a contribution to the number of exhibits. During the Bureau of 

' Transportation. 

Exhibition, such goods were to renew or complete in detail 
some display, or they were foreign goods delayed in transit 
which it was proper to receive regardless of the time of 
arrival. 

The reception of exhibits was announced to begin January Reception of 

exhibits 

5th, 1876, at which time the Main Building and Machinery 
Hall were in a nearly finished condition, and ready for the 
general reception of goods. It was expected that this oppor- 
tunity to place heavy foundations, and get in readiness ex- 
ceptionally heavy articles, would be used by those interested, 
whose work would be embarrassed and embarrassing if left until 
the arrival of miscellaneous exhibits began. Special requests 
were sent by the chiefs of the Bureaus of Administration, 
asking intending exhibitors to begin active work for heavy 
articles, and the newspapers of Philadelphia called attention 
to the matter in earnest editorials, so that the state of the case 
was well known to all interested. But these efforts were Delay and 

. , . ill- r embarrassment 

without particular success, and the placing of masonry, in receiving 

goods. 

foundations, and other heavy work had to be done while all 
the passage-ways and facilities for work were needed for the 
reception of all kinds of goods. The work of receiving 
exhibits was also embarrassed by the various operations of 
putting the grounds around the buildings in condition for the 
season's requirements ; ditching, pipe-laying, &c. continually 
interfered with the use of tracks and passage-ways, as did 
the labor of paving the walks which were, until that was 
done, in an impassable condition from the depth of soft and 
adhesive mud. 

The bulk of the goods received arrived in the period from Period when 

T 1 T 1 ^TM • 1 • • DU " C °f g 00 ds 

January 30th to June 14th. lhe accompanying diagram, in were received. 
connection with the tables F and G (page 69), gives informa- 
tion showing the varying volume of the business from week 
to week, and other particulars in relation thereto. 



3Q 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Diagram of Weekly Receipts of Exhibits at the Exhi- 
bition. 





FOR WEEKS EirDIlTG 




FEBRUARY 


MARCH 


APRIL 


MAY 


JUNE 


T07lSJV£t 


5 


12! 


19 


2d 


4 


11 


18 


25 


1 


8 


15 


22 


Z<) 


6 


13 


20 


27 


3 


10 


14 












































Uoo 












































































































A 










































l\ 










































/ ^ 
















9-200 


























/ 


\ 






































/ 


\ 








































j 








































1 










































I 


















3900 
























/ 








































/ 




I 






































/ 




1 






































J 




1 






































7 




i 














3600 
























/ 


1 




































/ 


'" 1 




































/ 




/ 1 




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T 




hi 




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J 




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3300 
























1 




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1 


































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/ 


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27 OO 
























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2100 




























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180 O 






























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1500 




























































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90 O 


















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600 
















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11 \ 


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— 


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U. S. Exhibits, 



Foreign Exhibits, 



Total Receipts, 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



31 



The total receipts of goods, by railroad or otherwise, were Bureau of 

Transportation. 

as follows : — 





Loads. 


Packages. 


Weight, pounds. 


Tons, net. 


Total receipt of 

goods. 


Railroad 


4.I03 
19.839 


96.349 
57.924 


44.542,819 
12,573,839 


22,271 
6,287 




Total, 


23.942 


154.273 


57,116,658 


28,558 



This is much less in proportion to the area of the exhibiting 
space than has been reported for the preceding exhibition ; 
no explanation of which is suggested. The comparison is as 
follows, the Vienna figures being taken from British reports 
on that exhibition : — 



Paris, 1867, .... 
Vienna, 1873, • • • 
Philadelphia, 1876, . 



lArea in Acres. 



Packages. 



39.5 50,000 

49.5 , 165,051 

61.5 ; 154.273 



Weight, pounds 



Av. weight, Weight of goods 
lbs. tosq. foot. P er square foot 
_ of space. 



48,981,696 
79.593.36o 
57,116,658 



22.66 

36.91 
21.32 



The collection of the terminal charge, as announced in cir- Terminal 

cheirEcs 

cular No. 142, was misunderstood, and was the subject of canceled, 
such frequent complaints and misrepresentations that it was 
determined to assume the charges as a general expense of the 
Exhibition, and to refund those already collected (page 97). 

The terminal charge was a proper one to collect, and was 
canceled only because it was determined to let nothing interfere Reason for 

• 1 1 1 t-> 1 'i • • I'll terminal charges. 

with the success of the Exhibition which the managers could 
control. It grew out of the plan of having a terminal force 
to receive and place upon their space the goods of exhibitors, 
an arrangement for the purpose which experience proves to 
be the best yet tried. The trouble, expense, and confusion 
avoided by this manner of receiving exhibits over any pre- 
viously tried justified its enforcement at an Exhibition of such 
magnitude as this. 



32 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



STORAGE OF EMPTY PACKING-CASES. 



Storage of empty 
packing-cases. 



Storage sheds. 



How arranged. 



The handling and storage of empty packing-cases was in- 
cluded in the terminal service. The cases were taken from the 
buildings to the sidings, often by returning empty trucks, 
loaded on empty cars, and hauled to a neighboring field for 
storage in sheds, which were assigned to countries. The 
sheds were rough structures, and those only enclosed that 
contained particularly valuable cases. They were in four 
parallel rows along two lines of railroad track, with an aggre- 
gate capacity of one million three hundred and sixty thousand 
cubic feet. They differed in size, were sixteen feet high, 
thirty-two feet wide, and of a length which was some multiple 
of sixteen feet. The sheds were numbered, and within each 
one the sections, sixteen feet square, were designated by 
letters. All the cases in each of these sections were regis- 
tered, so that the location of every case" was known with 
sufficient precision to answer all practical purposes. 

The following diagram illustrates the arrangement: — 



F 


E 


D 


C 


B 


A 


F 


E 


D 


C 


B 


A 



North. 



South. 



Thirty thousand 
empty cases. 



Sheds burned. 



Empty cases 
destroyed. 



The total number of empty cases, measured and receipted 
for, placed in the sheds, was thirty thousand, which number 
does not include the very large number of smaller cases placed 
within the large ones as permitted, and which was done by 
many exhibitors to an extent that made many cases heavier 
when stored as empty than when packed with goods. 

On the morning of August 26th a fire destroyed four sheds 
with their contents of empty packing-cases. It was probably 
kindled by spontaneous combustion of oil cloth or other 
remains of packing material left in their cases by exhibitors 
and overlooked by the workmen when storing them in the 
sheds. The losses were — Austria, 136 cases; France, 1351; 
Great Britain, 1240; Germany, 162; Mexico, 29; Norway, 51; 
Spain, 112; United States, 1447; amounting in all to 4528. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 33 

The circumstances of the case were such that, under laws Bureau of 

. 1.11 • 1 t 1 1 Transportation. 

relating to warehousing, the losses incurred by the burning 
of the cases fell upon the owners. The contractors recov- 
ered upon policies of insurance held by them only for their 
invested interests destroyed. 

At the close of the Exhibition the empty cases were brought 
by cars and wagons and left at the entrances most convenient 
for use, to be taken within the buildings only as required. Of 
the cases stored nineteen thousand were reclaimed, the bal- 
ance being abandoned. 

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS. 
Arrangements for receiving goods at such large exhi- General 

... ,. ., .._ .. ... observations. 

bitions must be determined mainly from special conditions, 

created by peculiarities of location and business customs of 

the country. The problem should be considered by an 

expert at the very inception of the enterprise, and all railroad Arrangements to- 

tracks needed to facilitate the rapid and cheap construction expert. 

of buildings, and the making of general preparations, should 

be located so as to be available in handling exhibits without 

incurring additional expense for, changing their location in 

adapting them to the terminal service. 

Experience confirms the anticipated advantages of having Terminal force 
the terminal force under a single administration. That the 
expense of this service should be cheerfully paid for by 
those for whom the work is done is undeniable ; yet it will 
be complained of by undiscriminating exhibitors, and it may 
be policy to assume it as a general expense of an exhibition 
rather than undertake to collect it. But should its collec- 
tion be decided upon in any case, it will, under circum- 
stances like those experienced here, be best to admit free 
everything brought to the exhibition previous to a date some 
weeks in advance of the opening, to charge the determined 
rate thenceforward to the date appointed for limiting the re- 
ceipt of goods, and to collect double rates on all things brought 
afterwards. 

It is clear that goods should not be shipped to an exhi- Exact location of 
bition by any one, native or foreign, until the shipper is onaddress labels, 
supplied with address labels, designating with precision the 



34 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau or 
Transportation. 



place of delivery, and that commissioners should not issue 
these labels until the space on which the exhibits are to be 
displayed is definitely determined. The failure to do this by 
the commissioners of some of the foreign countries partici- 
pating in this Exhibition was the occasion of more confusion 
in the reception of goods than all other causes combined. 



THE TERMINAL FORCE. 



The Centennial 
Terminal 
Agency, 
Limited. 



Contract. 



Duties. 



Capacity of 
appliances and 
force. 



After the proposed manner and method of performing the 
terminal service had been approved by the Director-General, 
it was decided, in accordance with the general policy of 
the Centennial Board of Finance, — which was to effect 
special contracts with proper parties for the various prepa- 
rations for the Exhibition, — to contract with a company, or- 
ganized therefor, for the performance of the entire terminal 
service, including the provision of all facilities and appliances 
to be used, and the compilation of specified reports of the 
service performed, so that no working force for such purpose 
would have to be organized within this Bureau. Accord- 
ingly, a contract was made with the Centennial Terminal 
Agency (Limited) to perform the service. 

They contracted to provide all facilities and appliances in 
the way of railroad tracks, engines, cranes, trucks, platforms, 
&c, which the service might, in the judgment of the Chief of 
the Bureau of Transportation, demand. 

"To receive, at the entrance of the Exhibition grounds, all 
articles and packages of exhibitors, and other goods on which 
the terminal charges have been paid, unload and place the same 
upon the space allotted the exhibitor and to which addressed; 
to remove the empty cases and packing material, and store 
the same under shelter until the close of the Exhibition, when 
they will return said empty cases and packing material in as 
good condition as when received; and, when repacked by the 
exhibitor or his agent, remove said exhibits thus repacked to 
the entrance of the Exhibition grounds, and place them, 
loaded for transportation, in charge of the agency previously 
designated by the shipper or the Director-General." 

Also, that they would provide "the appliances and working 
force in each and every respect ample and sufficient to receive, 
handle, and deliver daily, when necessary, at least one load or 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 35 

article of sixty tons, two loads or articles of twenty tons each, Bureau of 
ten loads or articles of ten tons each, twenty loads or articles of rans P° rtatlon - 
five tons each, and three hundred loads of articles of five tons 
each, and also to remove and store the empty cases and pack- 
ing material thereof;" and would "cause to be made and kept, 
of their entire work, full reports, records, and statements, in 
form as hereto annexed." 

It was also agreed that the contractors should have the Railroad tracks, 
exclusive right to use the railroad tracks within the grounds. 

The railroad tracks, constructed in connection with the Ex- 
hibition and under the control of its authorities, extended 
from Elm avenue, the point of connection with the tracks 
of the Pennsylvania Railroad, to various places within the 
grounds. The movement of freight cars over these tracks 
was entirely independent of the agents of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad, who transferred the loaded cars, locked and sealed, 
across Elm avenue, as in ordinary business such cars when en 
route are transferred from one railroad company to another, 
and at this point the service of the contractors commenced. 

As required at the sidings for which they had been marked Transfer of cars, 
and assorted, the cars were transferred from the tracks of the 
Pennsylvania Railroad to those within the grounds, and un- 
loaded as rapidly as possible. Through the service of a tele- 
graph line information was instantly announced at the central 
office of the company when the unloading was completed, 
enabling the management to replace the cars with others 
without an unnecessary loss of time, or, if they so wished, to 
transfer the working force to some place where its services 
were needed. In the course of current operations, receiving 
a quantity of goods as large as are shipped to an exhibition, Difficulties 

solved. 

there daily arise difficult problems as to the best method of 
handling heavy, bulky, or fragile articles, and their solution 
calls for the immediate exercise of sound judgment, which the 
contractors showed great skill and readiness in meeting. 

The large amount of labor performed by the contractors 
with a limited number of men, and with few mechanical appli- 
ances, is a good illustration of an energetic and effective 
conduct of business. (Page 73.) 



36 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Removal of 
exhibits. 



Freedom from 
restrictions. 



Restoring 
appliances. 



Returning 
empty cases. 



REMOVAL OF EXHIBITS. 

Within a few minutes of the stopping of the Corliss engine 
in Machinery Hall, on Friday, November 10th, a wagon, 
loaded with empty cases for the British section of the Exhi- 
bition, was driven in through the main gateway of the grounds, 
thus promptly inaugurating, in a significant manner, the work 
of removing exhibits. There was no apparent effort made by 
exhibitors to remove goods until November 13th, when the 
dismantling of the Exhibition began, principally by local 
exhibitors during the first few days, for whose goods a 
throng of carts and trucks crowded near the entrances of the 
buildings. 

Measures were taken to guard only the buildings of which 
the officers of the Exhibition were custodians, — leaving the 
gateways free for the admission and exit of teams, so that the 
removal of goods from private buildings was wholly unre- 
stricted. The removal of exhibits from the principal build- 
ings was made as free from restrictions as possible. The 
doorkeepers passed out any exhibitor or workman with goods 
on the verbal or written authority of the Chief of the Bureau 
in charge of the building, or that of his assistants ; while the 
terminal force, which removed goods when requested, was 
known by its uniform caps, and was not required to show 
any pass to do so. (For form of pass and copy of regulations, 
see pages 10 1 and 104.) 

The labor of taking up the flooring over the railroad tracks 
in the buildings where they had been retained, of re-erecting 
platforms for loading goods on cars or wagons, and placing 
shears and other appliances into position for use, was com- 
menced the night of November 10th, and completed during 
the following week, in time for use as soon as required. 

Empty packing-cases were delivered on presentation of a 
receipted bill showing that the storage charges had been paid. 
They were brought from the storage sheds on wagons or cars, 
according to the location of the space at which they were to be 
delivered. Usually they were left en masse at the most con- 
venient doorway, from which they were taken into buildings 
as needed. To have placed them directly on an exhibitor's 
space would have been to block his work of packing goods 
for removal. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 37 

If the goods were to be shipped under conditions entitling Bureau of 
the shipper to claim free return transportation over the rail- Trans P° rtatl0n - 
roads, he filled blanks in quadruplicate, applying to the Chief 
of this Bureau for certificate to be presented the agents of the Certificate for 
railroad companies. This blank (page 104), if the application transportation, 
was approved, was stamped across its face with an endorsement 
and returned to him, thus becoming the certificate asked for. 

The service of the terminal agency in removing goods when terminal 
began only when the packages were ready for shipment. service egan- 
The shipper was furnished with a blank form (page 105), one 
section of which was an order to the Terminal Agency to load 
the goods, which blank, filled ready for signature, was, with 
the certificate fer free return transportation, if any, presented 
to a representative of the agency, who had the goods removed, 
and obtained from the railroad company a receipt which he 
handed to the shipper. 

The removal of goods was conducted with order and dis- order and 
patch to a degree that left an observer unable to form an spat 
accurate opinion of the quantity of material being removed, 
which was often as much as eight hundred tons, net, in a day. 
The removal by wagons was conducted very actively at first, 
and was quite completed by December 1st. 

No attempt was made to ascertain the quantity of goods Quantity of 

1 t-> 1 -i • • 1 1 -l goods removed. 

removed from the Exhibition by means other than railroad. 
A daily record of loaded cars taken from the grounds is given 
in statement H (page 70), and the quantity of goods shipped 
for each country in statement I (page 71). The difference 
between the amount of goods given in these statements and 
that in statements E and F is covered by the weight of 
goods removed by wagon, &c, or left for the Permanent 
Exhibition. 

CUSTOMS REGULATIONS. 

An act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, provided as 
follows: — 

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of customs 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, That all re s ulat,ons - 
articles which shall be imported for the sole purpose of ex- Act of Congress, 
hibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the city 



EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



of Philadelphia in the year 1876, shall be admitted without 
the payment of duty or of customs fees or charges, under 
such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury shall pre- 
scribe : Provided, That all such articles as shall be sold in the 
United States or withdrawn for consumption therein at any 
time after such importation shall be subject to the duties, if 
any, imposed on like articles by the revenue laws in force at 
the date of importation : And provided further, That in case 
any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall 
be withdrawn for consumption, or shall be sold without pay- 
ment of duty as required by law, all the penalties prescribed 
by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
such articles and against the person who may be guilty of 
such withdrawal or sale." 



Customs 
regulations. 



Inadequate. 



Second set of 

regulations 

burdensome. 



It was supposed that the above act gave the Secretary of 
the Treasury all needed authority to issue such regulations 
as would facilitate, in a practical and satisfactory manner, the 
importation and display of foreign exhibits. It was desirable 
that foreign exhibitors and commissioners should not be 
compelled, at ports of arrival other than Philadelphia, to 
comply with the complicated formulas of the customs ser- 
vice demanded in ordinary commercial transactions. It was 
thought by the officers of the Exhibition that the agents of 
the Government should, in view of the participation in the 
Exhibition by foreign nations being an act of courtesy and 
a manifestation of good-will, waive the enforcement of the 
rigid rules of the customs service, except as retained specific- 
ally by the act of Congress above given. Unfortunately, these 
views, while assented to by the officials of the Government, 
were counteracted by their interpretation of the law, and 
so the regulations issued by the Secretary of the Treasury 
October 3d, 1874, to govern the free importation of exhibits, 
were so burdensome in their provisions that they were an- 
nulled and others superseding them issued November 1st, 1875. 

The second regulations did not fully meet the require- 
ments of the case. They were unnecessarily exacting in 
relation to entry for transportation, warehouse entry for 
goods imported at Philadelphia, the method of appraising 
goods, and directing such appraisal to be made before 
permitting the unpacking and display of the goods. They 
exacted the entry for transportation for goods imported at 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 39 

New York and Baltimore, but not at Philadelphia, although Bureau of 

Transportation. 

to the ordinary mind the difference between the two condi- 
tions is the difference in the mileage of sealed cars containing 
the goods. This entry at these cities was viewed as unneces- 
sary and troublesome, and was the occasion of both annoyance 
and expense to foreign exhibitors. Warehouse entry for goods 
imported at Philadelphia was required before they could be 
removed from the docks to the Exhibition, but there were 
so many instances in which, from the absence of the invoices 
or of any person to act for the owner, the entry could not be 
made, that the rules had to be waived. The docks were 
blocked with an accumulation of packages from successively 
arriving steamers, preventing the removal of even those goods 
for which every exaction of the law had been met, and threat- 
ening to involve the whole business in inextricable confusion. 

After a very troublesome and costly experience, the method Method of 
of appraising exhibits inaugurated by that department of the abandoned, 
service had to be abandoned. 

The provision of the regulations which forbade foreign Removing goods 
exhibitors removing any article from the place assigned with- 
out a permit from the collector of customs, or taking it from 
the Exhibition until regularly entered, &c, was objectionable 
to many exhibitors. Their attention was called to the penal- 
ties incurred in a notice issued by the collector, the closing 
paragraph of which reads : — 

" Exhibitors withdrawing goods for any purpose, either for 
consumption or sale, without complying with the provisions 
of the above-quoted law and regulations, violate the revenue 
laws and make themselves liable to fine and imprisonment." 

After the opening of the Exhibition there were instances of Defective 
such imperfect records and statements for customs purposes, Avoids 3 " 
relative to some of the foreign goods displayed, that demands 
for privileges to sell could not be granted. As a solution of 
these difficulties, there were issued under date of June 1st, 
1876, additional special regulations for the disposition of for- 
eign goods during and at the close of the Exhibition. 

This third set of regulations did not meet the difficulties of Third set of 
the case, and was complied with in but few instances. The inadequate, 
absence of invoices or a misunderstanding of the requirements 



40 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Joint resolution 
of Congress. 



Additional 
regulations. 



Payment of 
duties. 



Arrangements at 
close of the 
Exhibition. 



Invoices. 



Special form of 
customs blanks 



of the regulations created so many irregularities in attempts 
to effect sales, and of such serious character, that the customs 
officers were compelled to interfere, and in such cases stop the 
sale of goods until the laws and regulations were complied 
with. 

Congress passed a joint resolution in relation thereto, 
which, with additional regulations by the Secretary of the 
Treasury, was published July 21st, 1876, conceding methods 
of entering goods intended for sale, which were acceptable to 
foreign exhibitors. 

The commissioner or exhibitor was requested to prepare 
a list, comprising all articles held by them for sale, in the 
form and with affidavit prescribed (page 128). These lists 
were submitted to customs appraisers to enter thereon the 
duty to which the articles were subject. The acting deputy 
collector on duty at the Exhibition charged the gross amount 
of such duties against the exhibitor, and received daily reports 
of sales (page 1 29). Once a week (on Monday) payment was 
made of the duties on all sales since the previous payment, 
and the amount thereof credited to the exhibitor by the 
deputy collector, who checked the articles sold off the ex- 
hibitor's list. 

At the close of the Exhibition the foreign sections of the 
Main and Agricultural Buildings were enclosed by board or 
rope fences, and customs inspectors placed at the respective 
entrances to prevent the unauthorized admission or removal 
of dutiable goods. The customs officials required detailed 
export entries made, and closely supervised the repacking 
of exhibits. 

The basis of all customs business relative to the importa- 
tion of foreign goods is the invoice. The special form of 
invoice adapted to the importation of exhibits is given in the 
Appendix (page 126), and the regulations prescribing the use 
of it (page 112). A strict compliance with these regulations 
in the preparation of original invoices smoothed the way for 
making the various entries, obtaining permits, and conducting 
business in harmony with the rules governing the customs 
service. 

Special forms of blanks were provided for the customs 
service in conformity with the regulations. The general 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 41 

character of those for immediate transportation entry, ware- Bureau of 

• 1111 11 • • Transportation. 

house entry, and export entry will be understood by examining 
that for warehouse entry, reprinted in the Appendix (page 127), 
the headings and affidavits being adapted to the particular 
use for which they were intended. Each form of entry called 
for a corresponding form of permit, which will be under- Entries and 
stood by examining that issued on the completion of ware- 
house entry, given in the Appendix (page 128). 

The list of goods for sale, with an affidavit (page 128), and Entry of daily 
the report of daily sales (page 129), provided for by special 
regulations of July 21st, 1876 (page 1 19), answered as a fourth 
form of entry and were used with a corresponding permit 
(page 129). 

After the completion of the immediate transportation entry Manifests. 
and the issue of a corresponding permit there was a special 
form of manifest used (page 130), as also in the case of 
export entry. 

Several special forms of bonds were provided for the com- Bonds, 
pletion of the system on which the business has been con- 
ducted. These were in part for transportation companies, but 
two forms to be used by exhibitors are republished in the 
Appendix (pages 131 and 132). 

The officers and employees of the customs service on duty officers of 
at the Exhibition are entitled to great credit for the manner customs - 
and spirit with which they have performed their arduous 
duties, dealing with people unconversant with our customs 
laws, and often compelled to act without definite authority. 
They have done all in their power to aid the management and 
bring the enterprise to a successful result. 

The management of the Exhibition assumed the cost of the Cost of 

... .. . . . . , .,, warehouse entry. 

brokers service in making the warehouse entry required by 
the customs regulations for properly placing goods within the 
Exhibition. This was done by organizing a customs depart- 
ment in this Bureau, the superintendency being very accept- 
ably filled by Mr. John W. Hampton, Jr., of Philadelphia. 

The total number of warehouse entries made in placing Number of 
goods in the Exhibition was about two thousand, which Sitries° use 
include invoices covering the entire exhibit made by all 
foreign countries, representing about twenty-three thousand 
exhibitors. 



42 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



RAILROADS RUNNING TO PHILADELPHIA. 



Service of 
railroads 
running to 
Philadelphia. 



Freedom from 
accident. 



Philadelphia and 

Reading 

Railroad. 



Pennsylvania 
Railroad and its 
extensive 
preparations. 



Generous 
co-operation. 



Centennial depot 
of Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 



The transportation of building material and exhibits, the 
local passenger traffic, and the transportation of visitors to and 
from the city on the extended scale with which these services 
have been performed by railroad companies in the vicinity of 
Philadelphia, entitle them to the warmest thanks of every 
person who has labored for the success of the Exhibition. 
To the managers of these companies great praise is due for 
the precision with which their trains were run, and the free- 
dom from accident which marked the service of their several 
roads. To two companies, however, brought by the location 
of their lines into closer relations with the Exhibition than 
the others, we are greatly indebted for valuable co-operation 
in advancing its interests, namely, the Philadelphia and Read- 
ing Railroad, for the promptness and excellent method with 
which its managers organized and operated a comprehen- 
sively arranged passenger train service between the Exhibi- 
tion and different sections of the city traversed by their 
tracks, which proved to be invaluable, and was performed 
without lessening the service of bringing visitors from with- 
out the city, and the Pennsylvania Railroad, the manage- 
ment of which made extensive purchases of ground in the 
vicinity of the Exhibition to enable it to provide facili- 
ties for its business. They built many miles of track and 
extensively changed the arrangement of tracks in their 
yard so that their Centennial business, as also that of con- 
necting lines thrown on them, was conducted promptly and 
efficiently, without delaying or disarranging the vast volume 
of their regular traffic. The generous spirit with which this 
company co-operated in all matters pertaining to, and in 
advancing the interests of, the Exhibition, has surprised and 
justly won the admiration of all. 

All railroads running to Philadelphia doing other than 
local business, except the Philadelphia and Reading, delivered 
their Centennial passengers at the depot of the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company, located on Elm avenue, in front of the 
main entrance to the Exhibition. It was reached by a circle of 
three tracks sweeping from the main roadway. (Page 6.) 
The length of these tracks was four-fifths of a mile, and the 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 43 

diameter of the circle they described six hundred feet. All Bureau of 

i • 1 i Transportation, 

trains entered this circle heading to the right, and departed 
from the opposite side. Three trains could be landing or 
receiving passengers in front of the depot at the same time, 
the entire tracks in its vicinity being floored over, and, regard- 
less of the direction the trains came from or departed for, 
they moved in the same direction on the tracks in the circle, 
without confusion, delay, or danger. These facilities had 
capacity for receiving 25,000 or sending away over 10,000 
passengers per ho%ir. 

There were seventeen additional sidings connected with the Sidings. 
circle, of a length of one thousand feet each, upon which 
waiting trains were run and remained, with engines attached, 
until the time arrived for them to enter upon the circle, receive 
their passengers, and depart for their destination. 

The magnitude of the service of railroads in relation to the Freight service. 
Exhibition is shown by the following statements :— 

Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1874, July 

to December, inclusive, ...... 3,341 

Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1875, Janu- 
ary to December, inclusive, ..... 10,479 

Number of loaded freight cars delivered in 1876, 

January to November 10th, ..... 6,340 



Total 20,160 



The estimated weight of goods and material on these cars 
was about two hundred thousand tons, net. 

The transportation of passengers to and from the Exhi- Passenger 

service 

bition was a work of exceptional magnitude. The passenger- 
train service, including trains to and from without the city, 
at the two Centennial depots, during the continuance of the 
Exhibition, was as follows: — 

At Pennsylvania Railroad depot, .... 23,972 
At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, . . 42,495 

Total, 66,467 



44 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation 



Unequal 
movement of 
passengers. 



Heaviest day's 
service. 



The average number of trains daily, for one hundred and 
fifty-nine week-days, was over four hundred and ten, with an 
average of over six cars to each train, giving accommoda- 
tions, in the whole number of trains, for over twenty million 
passengers. 

This theoretically-possible service was not attained, as the 
movement of visitors was very unequal at different hours 
of the day. It was almost entirely towards the Exhibition in 
the morning and towards the city in the evening, affording an 
actual patronage of the railroads of about one-fourth the 
volume of business which they could have handled. 

The greatest service within one day at the Centennial depots 
was as follows : — 





Trains. 


Cars. 


Passengers. 


At Pennsylvania Railroad depot, 

At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, . . 


255 
370 


2,004 
2,867 


85,347 
185,800 


Total, 


620 


4,871 


244,147 



Total number of The number of passengers handled at the Centennial depots 
during the Exhibition was : — 





Arriving. 


Departing. 


Total. 


At Philadelphia and Reading Railroad depot, 


1.392,697 
I,726,OIO 


1,219,516 
1,569,110 


2,612,213 
3,295,120 


Total, 


3>"8.707 


2,788,626 


5,907,333 



The greater number of passengers transported to the Exhi- 
bition than from it, results from the continuous movement of 
visitors going there during about eight hours, — from seven 
o'clock, A. M., until about three o'clock, P. M., — while the 
return movement was confined mainly to about four hours, — 
from three to seven o'clock, P. M. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 45 

TRANSPORTATION OF VISITORS TO PHILADEL- Bureau of 

Transportation. 

PHIA. 
From the organization of this Bureau, the development of Transportation 

_.,.._, . r . . i -i-> i -i *j • of visitors to 

facilities for the transportation of visitors to the Exhibition Philadelphia, 
was carefully studied. Hopes were entertained of uniting 
all the railroad companies in the country in a joint concession 
of excursion tickets to Philadelphia, at low rates of fare, 
from every important town in America. The great number Action taken by 
of such companies, co-operating through " The Association agents. 
of General Passenger and Ticket Agents" of railroad and 
steamboat companies in the United States and Canada, di- 
rected the principal efforts of this Bureau to securing favorable 
action by it. At the meeting of the association on Septem- 
ber 1 8th, 1875, after full discussion of the matter, it was refer- 
red to a committee, whose report, as amended, was announced 
February 9th, 1876, as the final action of the association 
(page 106). 

The concession so granted was a reduction of only twenty- Twenty-five per 
five per cent, from the convention rate, without any more in rates very 
favorable recognition of large organized bodies of visitors 
than of individuals. When announced, it was received 
throughout the country with profound dissatisfaction, and 
ultimately led to the abandonment of most efforts to organize 
large excursion parties of visitors to the Exhibition. The 
almost universal custom of transportation companies in this 
country has been to sell round-trip tickets for the regular 
rate in one direction to agricultural fairs, exhibitions, political 
meetings, and all other important public gatherings, and the 
American people had not contemplated any less favorable 
condition in connection with the Centennial Exhibition. 
Throughout the country individuals and officers of societies 
interested in the matter appealed to the railroad companies 
to reconsider their action, and failing in this, in most cases 
abandoned their plans for excursion parties. The action taken 
by the railroad companies indicated a belief that the attrac- 
tions of the Exhibition would draw the people to Philadelphia, 
regardless of the rate of fare charged for their transportation, 
which, unfortunately, did not prove to be the case. Rates Local rates more 
more favorable than those fixed by the convention were 



4 6 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Irregular rates. 



Revised action 
by general ticket 
agents. 



Passenger rates 
at previous 
exhibitions. 



given by roads terminating in Philadelphia from points on 
their lines, limiting their cheaper tickets to use within very 
short periods of time (page 80). By special arrangement 
between competing lines, in connection with particular excur- 
sions, such as for State days, exceptionally low rates were 
made. 

The general demand for low rates was in part answered by the 
sale of cheaper tickets at many places, through the influences 
of warfare in rates between the trunk line railroad companies. 
The extent of the reductions, secured through these influences, 
is shown by a list of prices given in the table (D, page 67). 
The sale of these cheaper tickets finally becoming general, 
the General Ticket Agents' Association was compelled, at 
a meeting held early in September, 1876, to take official 
action in relation thereto. The policy of conceding a re- 
duction of only twenty-five per cent, in the price of Cen- 
tennial excursion tickets was believed to be a mistake by 
several members of the association, and they advocated a 
reduction as liberal as custom had established for other occa- 
sions — one of fifty per cent. The discussion of the matter 
resulted in a recognition of the prevailing cut or irregular 
rates, and conceded an increased reduction from many points 
(pages 67 and 108), with the most favorable results in stimu- 
lating the disposition of people to visit the Exhibition. 

A comparison of passenger rates on American and Austrian 
railroads to the exhibitions at Vienna and Philadelphia is 
given in statements D and R (pages 67 and 77), and also 
some notes on rates in England and France, to illustrate this, 
one of the most important matters which can influence the 
fortune of an exhibition. 



LOCAL TRANSPORTATION OF VISITORS. 



Local passenger 
transportation. 



The Exhibition being located about two and a half miles 
from the centre of population, made the question of local 
transportation for visitors particularly important, as such 
transportation facilities should be so cheap and abundant, from 
all sections of the widely-built city, that the cost and trouble 
of getting to and from the Exhibition should not influence 
visitors to keep away. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. tf 

At an early day several lines of tramway were extended Bureau of 

._,.... , , - . ,. Transportation. 

to the Exhibition grounds, as throngs of curious and mter- 

... ... r Tramways. 

ested persons desired to visit them long before the open- 
ing. On many occasions the equipment of cars and horses 
on these lines was insufficient to accommodate the crowds of 
such visitors ; but these deficiencies afforded valuable expe- 
rience, showing the extensive preparation to be made for 
carrying the mass of visitors to come after the Exhibition 
should be open. It was clearly seen that the tramways 
could not meet all the demands for local transportation, and 
that adequate preparation could not be made except by utiliz- 
ing the steam roads which, while penetrating the city from 
different sides, are joined by connecting roadways that gave to 
all of them excellent lines of communication, direct to the 
Exhibition enclosure. It was only necessary to show what 
facilities would be required, to enlist in the work of preparation 
the active co-operation of the managers of these various 
roads. An opportunity for this came with the national anni- 
versary and its attending festivities in July, 1875, on which Experience July 
day over 1 30,000 persons were transported to the park and a 4 ' 
much larger number left to walk, because means for their 
transportation could not be obtained. On that day the various 
transportation companies, including boats, railroads, and tram- 
ways, united in a schedule of arrangements that fully tested 
the capacity of existing facilities and pointed out the changes 
therein necessary for transporting to the Exhibition the 
throng of visitors expected in 1876. 

These arrangements, as finally determined, included, first, Arrangements 
train service by the Pennsylvania and the Philadelphia and 
Reading Railroad Companies over several routes, as named in 
the accompanying statements ; second, tramway service by 
the West Philadelphia, Philadelphia City, Hestonville, Mantua 
and Fairmount, Germantown, and West-End Passenger Rail- 
way Companies over their respective lines to the Exhibition 
entrances; third, steamboats on the Schuylkill river; and 
fourth, carriages, wagonettes, &c. (Pages 74 and 75.) 

The railroad trains running to the Exhibition started Railroad trains 
from stations located in distinct sections of the city, widely 
apart, affording superior accommodations for passengers at 
low rates of fare, but a trifle in excess of street-car prices. 



4 8 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Exchange 
tickets. 



Extent of the 
tramway lines. 



Rates and 
exceeding 
cheapness of 
transportation. 



Concourse at the 
Exhibition. 



The large number of stations en route, and the harmony of 
arrangements with connecting tramway lines, made the char- 
acter of this method of transportation unexceptionable and 
invaluable to the interests of the Exhibition. Conductors on 
cars of tramway lines throughout the city sold, at low rates, 
exchange tickets, with which visitors traveled to the Exhi- 
bition, according to specified limitations, by either of the 
routes of steam railroad. The depots of the two roads were 
near the entrances of the Exhibition, and arranged to facilitate 
the handling of the large number of passengers carried on 
the trains. 

Most notable, however, was the service of the tramway lines 
in affording exceptionally cheap and ready means of reaching 
the Exhibition from all parts of the city. More than two 
hundred and sixty miles of the streets of Philadelphia are 
traversed by a network of two hundred and eighty-three miles 
of track of these roads, on which are run lines three hundred 
and sixty-four miles in aggregate length, using one thousand 
and eighty-six cars, with eight thousand eight hundred and 
twenty-six horses, giving, in excellent manner, a convenient 
and cheap method of conveyance of persons from one part 
of the city to another. The single fare on these lines is 
seven cents, or four tickets, good on any city railway, for 
twenty-five cents, such single fare paying in some cases for 
transportation a distance of five miles. Each company also 
issues an exchange ticket for nine cents, which entitles the 
holder to ride on the cars of most' connecting lines. The 
completeness with which this system of exchange ticketing 
has been developed has enabled fully nine-tenths of the popu- 
lation of the city to visit the Exhibition at a cost for transpor- 
tation, for the round trip, not exceeding eighteen cents for each 
visitor; to use which they have not, with few exceptions, 
had to walk, to take the cars, a distance of even one-fourth of 
a mile, while along the routes of the companies running cars 
direct to the Exhibition, a distance of thirty-three miles, 
people were taken from their doors to the Exhibition and 
return for only twelve and a half cents. 

All lines of street cars to the Exhibition grounds were run 
to the concourse near the main entrance, where the tracks were 
so arranged that cars of each of the five lines stood headed 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 49 

westward, at a distance from the gates convenient for receiving Bureau of 

. .... Transportation. 

passengers. They departed by two routes, using tracks jointly 
for some distance, and in such manner that no opportunity 
existed for confusion or disorder in arriving or departing. 

The third method of local transportation named above, that steamboats. 
of steamboats on "the Schuylkill, was singularly pleasant and 
attractive. Visitors to the Exhibition by this route, reaching 
the East Park, found at the landing a small passenger steam- 
boat, admirably suited to the service, on which, for a fare of 
ten cents, they could ride to the Centennial landing in front of 
Horticultural Hall, having before them en route a delightful 
panorama of Park scenery, with views of bridges, Exhibition 
buildings, &c. Even by this route exchange tickets were sold 
on the cars of companies having lines of tramway to the 
vicinity of the landing, so that for fifteen cents the visitor was 
transported by it to the Exhibition from nearly all parts of the 
city. 

The transportation of visitors to the Exhibition by car- carriages not 
riages, omnibuses, &c, was to a limited extent only, and pa ' 
previous to September ist, except on a few days, with large 
attendance, these vehicles did not have paying patronage, 
owing to the cheapness of rates and convenient accessibility 
of other methods of transportation ; but after that date, 
thanks to the unprecedented number of visitors, they had 
all they could care for. Several private companies were 
organized to furnish carriage service, and by their low 
rates and excellent conduct of business were of great ser- 
vice to the interests of the Exhibition, answering require- 
ments that otherwise could not have been met. The pioneer 
of these was the Exhibition Transfer Company, Limited, 
which exerted a good influence, in addition to that referred to, 
by introducing the excellent style of vehicle which was built 
for their use and adopted by others. In preparing for the 
Exhibition, the important service rendered by carriages, both 
public and private, in transporting visitors to and from pre- 
vious exhibitions, was remembered and made a subject of 
consideration. The provision of suitable arrangements to sheds and yards, 
meet the expected demand for sheds and yards for horses and 
vehicles did not call for official action, as it was done by 
several private parties controlling vacant ground in the 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



immediate vicinity of the Exhibition. Unfortunately for them, 
for reasons above given, their expected patronage never came, 
and all their investments for this purpose proved total losses. 
Recapitulation. Briefly, the extent of these local facilities was as follows : — 



i. — Steam Railroads. 



Railroads. Number of routes to the Exhibition, 

Mileage of routes to the Exhibition, 
Actual mileage of tracks therein, . 
Number of stations for receiving passengers, 
Number of trains daily to the Exhibition, 
Number of street car connections, . 
Mileage of connecting street car routes, 
Actual mileage of street railways connecting, 



10 

63t¥tt miles - 
41 miles. 

67 

154 

6 7 

238* miles. 

96* miles. 



2. — Tramways. 

Tramways. Number of lines running to the Exhibition, . 6 

Mileage of the same, ..... 33* miles. 

Actual mileage of streets traversed, . . 30* miles. 
Number of cars run on above, in one hour, 

one direction, ...... 193 

Number of connecting lines selling exchange 

tickets over the above, .... 103 

Mileage of routes in these lines, . . . 294* miles. 

Actual mileage of streets traversed by same, . 70* miles. 



3. — Steamboats on the Schuylkill River. 



steamboats. Length of route, ...... 

Number of landings from which passengers 

were taken to the Exhibition, 
Number of trips hourly, .... 

Number of street car connections, 
Mileage of the routes of the same, 



4}4 miles 

8 

12 

6 

iy}4* miles. 



* This does not include the mi 
from the connecting point. 



leage of that part of lines on which cars run 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



51 



4. — Carriages, &c. 

Number of public carriages, &c. licensed to 

November 1st, 1876, .... 

Number of livery carriages, .... 

Total, 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Carriages. 



533 
500 

1,033 



The cost of riding the round trip to and from the Exhibi- Cost of local 

transportation. 

tion was, from locations on different lines within the city, as 
follows : — 



On 22^ 
On 6% 
On 8 
On 4 
On 33 
On 71 
On 87 



miles of railroad it was 

miles it was 

miles it was 

miles it was 

miles of tramway lines it was 

miles it was 

miles it was 



On 4^ miles of river route it was 



16^ cents. 
25 cents. 
32^3 cents. 
45 cents. 
12^ cents. 
18 cents. 
25 cents. 
20 cents. 



Rates for one seat in a public wagonette, omnibus, &c, to 
points in the direction towards the centre of the city, within 
about three miles distance from the Exhibition, were 25 or 50 
cents, according to the vehicle. 

The estimated capacity to transport visitors to the Exhibi- capacity of 
tion by the different methods, from all sections of the city, was transportation. 
as follows : — 

By railroad, hourly, . 6,250 Up to 3 P. M., 50,000 visitors. 



By tramways, hourly, 
By steamboat, hourly, 
By carriages, &c, . 



12,180 Up to 3 P. M., 107,440 visitors. 
2,500 Up to 3 P. M., 20,000 visitors. 
1,000 Up to 3 P. M., 8,000 visitors. 



Total, hourly, . . 21,930 Up to 3 P. M., 185,440 visitors. 



But such estimates of the capacity of the different methods Experience on 

- . . . , ii- • Pennsylvania 

01 local transportation have a value only in presenting a Day. 
systematized statement of transportation facilities related to 
the Exhibition. The actual experiences of a day on which 





















52 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 187b. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Multitude of 
visitors. 



all the resources of the companies were taxed to their 
utmost limits, will convey a more impressive idea of what 
could be done. On the 28th of September, designated as 
" Pennsylvania Day," the number of visitors exceeded that 
of any day at any Exhibition, and probably of any day at 
any time, where a fee has been charged for admission to an 
entertainment, the total number of admissions being 274,919. 
Over 200,000 people were at the Exhibition, within or with- 
out, at one o'clock, P. M., and over 300,000 had been there 
by six o'clock, P. M. For several weeks previous all the 
railroads in Philadelphia had been severely taxed to accom- 
modate local passengers for the Exhibition; but ample as their 
facilities were for even the extraordinary demands then made 
upon them, they were, on the 28th of September, entirely 
inadequate. The managers pressed into service cars of every 
description — baggage cars, box cars, fruit cars, flat cars, 
and all others not in use, improvising rough passenger 
cars from them. On that day there were run to and from 
Philadelphia on these roads 638 passenger trains, in which 
were 2993 cars, with 130,245 passengers; in addition to 
which, on the Pennsylvania and Philadelphia and Reading 
roads over 200,000 local passengers were transported to and 
from the Exhibition. 

Everyone seemed to have the same thought, that he 
would avoid the crush by going early. As a consequence, 
the railway depots and street crossings in the city were 
thronged soon after seven o'clock in the morning. Trains 
leaving at seven o'clock were comfortably filled. Every train 
leaving after that hour up to noon (and they ran much more 
frequently than usual) left more passengers in the depots than 
it carried away. From this time until evening there were 
passengers enough to fill most of the trains. Scarcely would 
the cars arrive in the depot before they were filled — the extem- 
porized cars as soon as others. After half-past six A. M. 
the street cars were filled to the last inch, — while there was a 
foothold on the platforms the people would cling to them. 
Every kind of conveyance was pressed into the service, and 
furniture-cars, wagons, drays, and carts came in quick suc- 
cession, and deposited their loads of passengers on the broad 
sidewalks on Elm avenue. The sidewalks of the principal 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 53 

streets approaching the Exhibition were, from an early hour Bureau of 

, . 7 1 • 1 ■ • 11 • 1 Transportation. 

in the morning, thronged with visitors walking to the en- 
trances, who were unable to secure opportunities to ride. The 
great majority came to the Exhibition, but many others came 
to hang upon the outskirts, and Elm avenue was thronged 
with people bent on seeking amusement outside of the Exhi- 
bition grounds. The living tide of travel, which slackened a 
little towards noon, set in again after dinner, and the scenes 
of the morning, so far as the street cars were concerned, were 
repeated until the evening. The scene on Belmont and Elm 
avenues baffles description. Street cars and vehicles of every 
variety formed almost unbroken lines, and it was with great 
difficulty that a person could cross either of these streets. 

The multitude moved to and fro all day, the tide of pas- 
sengers returning to the city being very marked at mid-day, 
and very heavy at the usual hours before night. On the con- 
clusion of the fire-works the multitude was so large, and the 
great throng of street cars and vehicles on Elm and Belmont 
avenues so entangled, that it was after midnight before some 
were able to leave the place. Thousands made no attempt 
to ride, but resolutely walked to their homes. The move- 
ment of this vast throng is estimated to have been as Estimate of the- 

r i 1 number 

IOllOWS : transported in 

one day. 

Attending the Exhibition, ..... 275,000 

In the vicinity and not included in the above, . 50,000 



Total, . . . . . . 325,000 

This number doubled to represent the coming 

and going, 650,000 

By railroad from without the city at Centennial 

stations, 50,000 

Local passengers by railroad, .... 200,000 

Local passengers by street cars, ..... 250,000 

Walking, and from the immediate vicinity of the 

Exhibition, 115,000 

Carriages, &c, 20,000 

Steamboats on the Schuylkill river, . . . 15,000 

The total attendance of visitors, paying and free, at the Total 
Exhibition was 9,910,966, which number doubled gives 



attendance. 









INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 19,821,932 as the number of persons transported to and from 

Transportation. ,_,,.. 

the Exhibition. 
Total passenger The movement of this vast number by the different methods 

movement to and - . , 

from the of transportation was approximately as follows : — 

Exhibition r srr j 



Railroad (city trains), 

from without the city, 
Tramway, . 

Steamboat, 

Carriage, .... 
On foot, .... 

Total 



3,574,528 

2,334,804 

10,557,100 

556,500 

803,000 

1,996,000 

19,821,932 




Figure 14. — Narrow-Gauge Locomotive Built by Baldwin Loco- 
motive Works for use in Centennial Grounds. 



TRANSPORTATION WITHIN THE EXHIBITION. 



Transportation 
within the 
Exhibition. 



Narrow-gauge 
railroad. 



The great extent of ground enclosed for the Exhibition 
made it necessary to provide facilities for the transportation of 
visitors from one section of it to another. That this should 
be effectual, a double-track railroad, which made a circuit of 
the grounds, was built and equipped with locomotives and cars, 
under a concession granted the West-End Passenger Railway 
Company. The iron rails used in the construction of the 
road weighed forty-five pounds to the yard ; the ties of sawed 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



55 



yellow pine, four by six inches, were laid at a distance of two Bureau of 
feet, centre to centre, and the road-bed was graded and drained, 
but not ballasted. The cost of building the road was $7200 cost of road, 
per mile. The average expense of operating was $550 per 
day for wages, fuel, material, repairs, &c. The number of 
employees ranged from one hundred and seventy-five to one 
hundred and eighty-five men. The trains were run to the right 
and left, the stations being located for this on either side of the 
roadway. They were run the circuit of the grounds in thirty- 
five minutes, including stoppages, and from eight o'clock 
A. M. until seven o'clock P. M. The rate of fare was uni- Rate of fare, 
formly five cents for each passenger. Any other arrangement 
for this transportation would have lacked capacity for moving 
the nearly four million of visitors whose pleasure or conve- 
nience led them to use the road. The locomotives used to Locomotives. 
haul the trains were built at five different American loco- 
motive works, all being after American patterns as modified 
by each builder, and costing an average price of $6000 each. 
The accompanying illustration is published in place of further 
description. 




Figure 15. — Narrow-Gauge Car built by Jackson & Sharp Com- 
pany for use in Centennial Grounds, showing two Storm- 
Curtains Unrolled. 



The road was equipped with cars which were fitted with cars, 
patent couplings and Westinghouse air brakes, and cost $1200 
each. They were open at the sides, giving in all directions 
an unobstructed view of the grounds, except when the 
storm-curtains were unrolled from the roof. The cars were 
thirty-five feet long, eight and a half feet wide, and seven feet 
high in the clear, and were on two four-wheel trucks. They 
had seats extending their full width, passengers entering and 
leaving at the sides, to provide for which the station platforms 









56 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

Map of Railway Lines in the Vicinity of Philadelphia. 




{From the General Railway Map of the Travelers' Official Guide of the Railways in the United States and Canada.) 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



57 



were built to the height of the car floors. These platforms were Bureau of 



Transportation. 



enclosed by a simple rail of wood placed on posts three feet 
high, between which and the floor was a coarse netting of Platforms 
wire, preventing access to the platform or cars except through 
the entrance, at which a collector was stationed to receive the 
fares. 

Provision for preventing accidents, comprising wire fences 
along the lines, signal-bells, bars, and flagmen at the crossings 
of avenues or walks, made it impossible that any but foolhardy 
trespassers could be injured. 

The total business, from May 1 5th to November 1 ith, was : — Business. 



Paying passengers, . 
Free passengers, 

Total passengers, 
Gross earnings, . 



3,744,978 
67,816 

3,812,794 
$187,295 28 



For the transportation of those persons needing the accom- Roiiing-chair 
modation within the buildings there was ample provision of 
rolling-chairs, made for and operated by a company organized 
for the purpose, which had a concession giving it the privi- 
lege, and establishing a fixed schedule of rates to be charged 
for the use of the chairs. 




Figure 16.— Rolling-Chair. 









5» 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, i8 7 6. 




REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 59 

RAILROAD TICKET OFFICES WITHIN THE „ Bureau of 

Transportation. 

EXHIBITION. 

As a counterpart to the very generally adopted arrange- Ticket offices, 
ment for ticketing visitors to Philadelphia and return, from 
all sections of the country and also from Europe, Australia,- 
China, Japan, and other portions of the world, there were 
established within the Exhibition grounds two ticket offices for 
the accommodation of visitors wishing to obtain information 
about routes of travel or tickets. That of the Pennsylvania Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company was equipped with a full stock of tickets 
of all kinds issued by that company to meet the require- 
ments of the different classes of business and pleasure travel- 
ers over the extended system of lines owned or controlled 
by it, and extending through connecting lines to every 
important railroad station or town in America. 

The other office was opened by the firm of Messrs. Cook, cook, son & 
Son & Jenkins, the American branch of Thomas Cook & Son, 
of London, who were, by appointment, general passenger 
agents for the British section of the Exhibition. In this 
office were placed on sale stocks of regular and excursion 
tickets, issued by the Philadelphia and Reading, Philadelphia, 
Wilmington, and Baltimore, North Pennsylvania, and New 
York Central Railroads; as also Cook's tourist tickets for 
nearly all the important lines of railway and steamboats in 
the United States and the Canadas, and for tours in all parts 
of Europe, in Africa, Asia, and around the world. . 

LODGINGS FOR VISITORS. 

The Exhibition placed upon the citizens of Philadelphia the Lodgings for 
solution of a problem previously unknown in any city of V1 
America — that of lodging and feeding, during a period of 
several months' duration, a throng of strangers whose num- 
ber, in excess of the capacity of hotels, was many times 
greater than the hotels could provide for. It was a problem 
of difficulties and uncertainties, and would have been such in 
any city of the world, — one which, with an unfavorable solu- 
tion, would have seriously endangered the success of the 
Exhibition, and was met by the citizens of Philadelphia in 



6o 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 




X 

w 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 6 1 

an unexceptionable manner, which contributed to the success Bureau of 

1 . Transportation. 

of the Exhibition more than any other influence which was 
not a part of it. 

The established hotels of the city previous to the Exhi- Hotel accommo- 
dations. 
bition had an aggregate capacity for about six thousand 

guests. By enlarging these buildings, opening new hotels 
in buildings which could be adapted to the service, and 
erecting others, the aggregate capacity of hotels in the city 
of Philadelphia during the Exhibition was for about seven- 
teen thousand guests. At cities and villages on the lines 
of railroad in the vicinity of Philadelphia, the hotels were 
sufficient for the accommodation of about twenty thousand 
guests. 

In the city of Philadelphia each family occupies a house, and Rooms in 

J r J f dwellings. 

thenumber of such separate dwellings is one hundred and thirty- 
four thousand. In nearly every one of these houses there are 
one or more "spare" rooms, kept for the entertainment of 
friends. There are a large number of boarding-houses in the 
city, usually containing some unoccupied rooms, which afford 
lodgings for a large number of persons. The discovery of 
some method by which these spare or vacant rooms of the 
dwellings and boarding-houses of the city could be utilized 
during the Exhibition in the entertainment of the expected 
throng of strangers, was the study of many friends of the 
Exhibition. The hiring of lodgings to transient visitors was 
repugnant to American householders. It was plainly evident 
that this prejudice must be overcome if the city was to 
receive and properly entertain its expected guests, and that 
the continuance, during the Exhibition, of moderate charges 
at the hotels, might depend upon the ability of the citizens to 
otherwise comfortably care for the number of visitors which 
might be in excess of their capacity. 

This required that the city should be canvassed and a regis- Centennial 
ter prepared of all the householders willing to rent furnished Agency. 
rooms, either with or without meals; that the strangers wish- 
ing these rooms should be found and directed to them. This 
service was undertaken by the Centennial Lodging-House 
Agency, an association organized for this purpose by railroad 
men, who, by experience, were fitted to direct its accomplish- 
ment, and to whom the citizens of Philadelphia and the officers 



62 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of of the Exhibition are greatly indebted for their valuable ser- 

Transportation. . . . , . ,. 

vices. They issued tickets, which were sold in distant cities 
Ticketing guests, or by special agents, who were on all trains approaching 
Philadelphia, which tickets, by contract with householders, 
were accepted in payment from guests for accommodations 
furnished, and were redeemed by the agency, as were unused 
tickets. The train agent ascertained which passengers had 
tickets, and furnished to each holder of such ticket a card, 
assigning to him a room, as well as supplying minute direc- 
tions by which the room could be reached. Thus, practically, 
The city one vast the city became one vast hotel, which never became full. Even 

hotel, and never . . , - , , 

full. when the throng of strangers was the greatest, many houses 

lacked the desired guests. Extortion was impossible, prices 
were just, and in thus entertaining visitors the citizens of 
Philadelphia performed their part most creditably. 



STATEMENTS. 



6 4 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
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66 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(C) 



Rates for Transporting Goods to the Exhibition, with 
right to free return transportation. (subject to 
conditions stated when granting the concession.) 

{APRIL, 1876.) 



Freight. 

Dis- 
tance, 
miles. 



FROM 



RATES IN EACH CLASS PER IOO LBS. 



Double 

1st. 



2d. 



3d. 



4th. 



IOO 

330 

828 
673 

1 186 

672 

836 

783 

968 

1265 

90 

1328 

360 

253 

3241 
980 
1237 



Atlanta, Ga. 



Baltimore, Md. 
Boston, Mass., 



Chicago, 111., . . . 
Cincinnati, Ohio, , 



Des Moines, Iowa, 
Detroit, Mich., . . 



Indianapolis, Ind. 
Louisville, Ky., . , 



Nashville, Tenn., . 
New Orleans, La., 
New York, N. Y., 



Omaha, Neb., 
Pittsburg, Pa., 
Richmond, Va. 



San Francisco, Cal. 
St. Louis, Mo., . . 
St. Paul, Minn., . 



$2 90 

50 
90 



2 70 
2 18 



4 20 
2 20 

2 42 

2 58 

3 00 

3 20 
60 

4 3° 
1 42 

« +3 

12 00 

3 20 

4 30 



$1 45 i $1 25 



25 
45 

« 35 

1 09 

2 10 
1 10 

1 21 

1 29 

1 50 

1 60 
30 

2 15 
7 1 
73 

6 00 

1 60 

2 15 



23 
3° 

99 
80 

1 64 



95 



1 20 

1 3° 



$1 00 

18 
25 



77 
62 



1 32 
6d 

69 

72 

96 
1 05 



25 


20 


1 59 


1 22 1 


56 


46 


65 


54 ; 


5 00 


4 °° 1 


1 20 


00 1 


1 69 


1 27 ! 



$0 80 
15 

20 

40K 



80% 

28 



28H 

29 

60 
80 
15 

80H 



3 00 

4i 
75M 



There is great diversity of classification of goods by railroads in America. The following 
indicates that which is most widely recognized : — 

Double First Class. — Baskets, cabinet-ware set up and boxed, carriages boxed, copper 
stills, dry goods in trunks, furniture set up, furs in bales, mattresses, plate-glass, pictures not 
over $200 value, Russia iron, stove-pipe, willow-ware. 

First Class. — Agricultural implements, blinds, doors, window-frames, books, boots and 
shoes, carriages set up, clothing and woolen goods, dry goods in boxes or bales, fire-arms, 
melodeons, pianos, portable engines and mills, printed matter in sheets boxed. 

Second Class. — Cotton in bales, cutlery, cordage, china-ware in casks, cotton and woolen 
machinery, domestics, groceries, iron vises, mattings, rubber belting, saddlery, veneering boxed, 
wooden-ware boxed. 



Third Class. — Canned goods, cotton-presses, crucibles, dry hides, flax pressed, flour in 
sacks, hemp in bales, light iron castings, pig copper, pasteboards, school slates boxed, shovels, 
sugar-mills, wine-bottles. 

Fourth Class. — Beans, beef pickeled, car wheels, coal tar, copper-ore, fire-brick, gas-pipe, 
grain in barrels or sacks, heavy iron castings, marble blocks, paints, steel, sugar, tobacco in 
hogsheads. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



6 7 



(D.) 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Table of Passenger Rates to the Exhibition from places 
in United States, authorized and irregular, Summer 
of 1876. 




33° 
415 

711 
822 
667 
504 

1557 
1888 

"79 
666 



1732 
735 
"37 
1249 

1207 
777 

1056 
907 

962 
1265 



1314 

354 



3226 
974 
1232 



Boston, Mass. (all rail), 

" " (boat), . 

Buffalo, N. Y., . . . . 



Charleston, S. C, 
Chicago, 111., . . 
Cincinnati, Ohio, . 
Cleveland, Ohio, . 



'1 5 00 

... 4 00 

9 40 13 00 

7 65 11 00 

10 75 13 00 

23 00 38 00 

20 00 32 00 

18 00 . 29 00 

12 25 20 40 



Denison, Texas, 

Denver, Col., 

Des Moines, Iowa, . . . 

Detroit, Mich., 

" " (cut rate), 

Galveston, Texas, . . . . 

Indianapolis, Ind., . . . . 

Jackson, Miss., 

Kansas City, Mo., . . . . 



Little Rock, Ark., . 
Louisville, Ky., . . 



50 03 
71 00 
31 20 
16 25 



Memphis, Tenn., 

Milwaukee, Wis.. 



Nashville, Tenn., 

New Orleans, La 

New York City, N. Y., 

(with various limita- I 
tions as to trains) f 



Omaha, Neb., . 
Pittsburg, Pa., 



57 °° 

19 CO 
41 00 
36 00 

40 50 

22 00 

33 00 

23 00 

29 45 

45 5° 

2 65 



36 00 
10 00 



77 00 
108 50 

48 So 
23 40 
14 00 

87 50 
30 50 

61 50 
56 00 

62 75 
35 oo 

49 50 
3° 50 

46 20 
68 25 
5 00 
4 00 
4 00 
3 00 
2 00 

56 00 



Richmond, Va. (all rail), 

" (York River Line), 

San Francisco, Cal., 

St. Louis, Mo., 

St. Paul, Minn., 



9 80 



137 Washington, D. C. ; 



136 00 
25 00 

35 25 

4 50 



'4 


00 


14 
8 


70 
75 


256 


00 


39 So 
54 9° 


7 


5° 



Irregular rate for 

July and August 

Tickets. 

Good for five days. 






6° fo8 25 



3 
3° 
30 
30 

63 

60 
60 

60 

60 
60 
60 
60 
60 



tz. 



60 

6a 
60 

60 
60 

60 
60 
15 
15 



$11 40 

9 oo 
6 80 


$" 75 
9 75 
6 80 


61 75 
22 60 
9 00 


61 75 

22 95 

8 00 







10 75 
37 10 
27 40 

33 5o 

13 00 

24 50 

14 75 

20 45 
37 25 



10 75 



26 75 



24 75 
14 75 



21 20 

W 25 



38 00 
25 00 
22 00 

13 50 

66 50 
93 80 

39 55 
18 00 



75 60 

24 00 

52 70 

48 30 

54 15 
28 00 

42 30 
28 90 

37 7° 

58 35 



60 


26 50 


27 75 


45 80 


30 


6 00 


6 00 




15 








30 






14 70 
8 75 

245 80 
34 00 

44 85 






60 
60 


127 40 
16 75 
26 65 


I2 7 75 
15 7? 
27 00 


1= 






7 50 









68 



Bureau ot 
Transportation. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(E.) 



Sidings for the Delivery of Goods at the Exhibition 
from the respective countries. 





Siding Numbers. 




1 


2 


3 


4 


B 


6 


7 8 


9 


IO 


11 


12 


13 


14. 


Argentine Republic, .... 
Austria — Hungary, 


a 

a 
a 
a 
a 


a 


a 



a 


a 
a 


D 

D 
D 

D 

D 
D 

a 

D 
D 

D 

a 

D 
D 
D 

a 


D 
D 
D 
D 
D 
□ 
D 
O 
D 

a 

□ 
a 
a 


D 

a 

a 


D 

D 
D 

D 

□ 


a 

• • 


a 

a 

D 


a 
a 

D 

a 

D 

a 

D 

a 


a 

D 
D 
D 

a 

D 

D 
D 

a 
a 



D 

a 

D 

a 

a 

a 
a 

a 


D 

a 

D 


a 

a 


a 
a 

D 

a 

D 
D 


□ 








a 






Chili 


a 

a 























a 




a 


a 

D 
Q 








Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, 
British Colonies : 








































































































































































































a 


a 
a 
a 


a 
a 




































a 
a 






D 


> . 


D 














P 

a 




a 


D 


D 

D 
D 




a 

















































For location of sidings, see page 6. 



*ECTOX-GBm R U . 



33,5<» 



17,350 

37. 2 °5 



^3.495 
'9.'25 



194,605 

194.562 
68,605 
64,684 



25.565 3,553 



27.934 
503,271 

3,3^0 



698.021 
381,941 
970,077 

,i95,7'2 
688,395 
3',435 
485,476 
352,587 



50,309 
598,684 

546,618 
403,087 
,085,218 
340,429 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, ,876. 



(F.) 



REPORT OE THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



Number of Packages and Weight of Goods received Weekly at the Exhibition. 



Before January 8th, .... 
Week ending January 15th, . 

" 22d, . 

" 29th, . 
" " February 5th, . 

" " 12th, 

" " " 19th, 

*' 26th, 
" •' March 4th, . . 

" " " nth, . 

• 18th, . 

" " " 25th, . 

" " April 1st, ... 

" 8th, . . 
" 15th, . . . 

" " " 22(3, . . . 

" " " 29th, . . . 

" " May 6th, . . . . 
" 13th, . . . 
" " " 20th, . . . 
" " " 27th, . . . 
" " June 3d, . . . . 
" " " 10th, . . . 
" " " I2th-I4th, . 
After June 1 4 tli 



Art Department. 



No. of 
Packages 



Weight. 

Pounds. 



MAIN BUILDING. 



266 

154 
798 
241 
823 

242 

70 
182 

326 

85 

5 
4 

23 
4,267 



114,707 

144,116 

92,985 
345,403 
148,732 

264,661 

100,559 
30,064 
114,409 
622,185 

53,884 

2,140 

4-5 
66,630 

2,100,900 



No. of 
Packages 



26 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



3 2 3,'S6 



36,960 



Machinery Hall. 



Agricultural 
Hall. 



No. of 
Packages 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



199 

II 

847 

48 

763 

645 

699 

2,061 

3,234 

6,103 

9>'50 

7,241 

10,056 

9,357 

3.24 1 

3,241 

1 ,127 

774 

852 

493 

893 

61,203 



59,670 

4,5°° 

560,913 

43,7°5 
471,019 
240,198 
250,670 

576.59 1 
1,205,951 
2,023,180 
2,418,758 
2,45o,3S8 
3,243,250 
2,785,163 

912,702 
1,083,969 

444,93° 
293,869 
298,665 
98,382 
342,242 

20,168,801 



46 



3 

256 
145 
299 
673 

974 

886 

845 

1,404 

2,152 

4,170 

5,792 

5,409 

5,809 

1,998 

1,677 

i,i35 

889 

800 

526 

'.35° 

37,319 



264,850 

1,615 

74,846 



No. of 
Packages 



3,oi4 
96,337 
'32,957 
191,937 
162,064 

773,443 

652,189 

321,622 

907,352 

986,372 

2,096,169 

3,4'7,56' 

2,874,891 

2,53', '93 
862,630 
651,421 
751,588 
458,832 
280,815 
'77,795 
871,496 

I9,542,9 8 9 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



Horticultural 
Department. 



No. of 
Packages 



29 



100 
592 
518 
1,787 
3,468 
3,835 
4,146 

1,517 

1,112 
870 

1,240 
735 
163 

2,520 

22,643 



7,650 



545 
2 7.'74 
121,805 
109,914 
600,828 
958,746 

1,153,059 
903,500 
376,734 
326,646 
266,096 
465,406 
309,966 
21,055 
885,642 

6,534,766 



Weight. 

Pounds. 



32,726 



5 

54 

539 

64 

5 
33 
87 

6 

9 



6,646 
1,280 

25,362 
176,320 

82,418 
2,710 
7,715 

45,824 

390 

2,380 



418,031 



Shoe and Leather 
Building. 



No. of 
Packages 



18 
170 
675 
598 
807 
277 

47 

32 
1 
7 

'4 



2,658 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



330 

4,743 

24,438 

111,810 

156,314 

120,011 

43,944 

",544 

94,020 

no 

1,815 

5,104 

204 

574,387 



Carriage 
Building. 



No. of 
Packages 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



35 

461 

778 

1,168 

306 

118 

5 

'9 



7,599 
'35,557 
242,620 
907,670 

'52,134 

88,906 

2,139 

22,877 



No. of 
Packages 



Women's 
Pavilion. 



14,601 



',574,103 



361 

332 

78 

46 

9 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



500 

6,446 

36,446 

26,052 

'6,979 

5,054 

73° 

220 

5,49° 
200 
560 



U. S. Government 
Building. 



No. of 
Packages 



74 
302 



27 
'7 
94 
474 
107 
150 
,65 

37' 
892 
992 

i,075 

2,211 

1,203 

281 

ITI 

202 

r,022 

92 
51 

839 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



26,319 

33,000 

3,320 



1,698 10,820 



4 

4: 

38 

336 

182 

44 
6o : 
87 
'38 
132 
179 
527 
501 
60 
52 
63 
38 
'7 
5 
118 



Foreign Building 
Ma 1 kkial. 



No. of 
Packages 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



179,082 



Miscellaneous. 



No. of 
Packages 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



3,232 



358,465 



Live Stock and 
Equipment. 



No. of 
Packages 



2,658, 



539 
78 
214 
205 
472 
42 



137,012 
33,501 
44,000 
17,250 
37,2°5 
10,915 



522 102,105 



5,So5 



2,279 608,115 



45 
242 

88 
291 

3' 
223 

106 
i3 
69 

'5' 
53 



8,260 

200 

23,495 

19,125 

102,137 

233,930 

122,866 

194,605 

194,562 

68,605 

64,684 

17,200 

25,565 

1,433,699 



3,553 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



1,403,464 



',403,464 



No. of 
Packages. 



328 

75 

3,722 

68 

202 

294 

1,009 

470 

1,910 

1,726 

',794 

4,256 

5,884 

9,859 

17,165 

19,972 

24,836 

23,633 

8,009 

7,262 

3.94' 

4,056 

3,097 

i,4'5 

9> 2 54 

'54,273 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



799,8i4 

27,934 

503,27' 

3,320 

62,684 

105,818 

698,021 

281,941 

970,077 

1,195,712 

688,395 

','32,435 

2,485,476 

3,352,587 

5,650,659 

7,590,816 

8,810,731 

8,250,309 

2,598,684 

2,510,006 

2,546,618 

1,403,087 

1,085,218 

340,429 

3,722,616 

57,116,658 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



6 9 



(G) 



Bureau of 
Transportation . 



Statement of the Quantity of Goods Received, by Coun- 
tries, at the Exhibition. 



COUNTRY. 

Argentine Republic 

Austria, 

Belgium, 

Brazil, 

Canada, 

China, 

Chili, 

Denmark, 

Egypt, 

France, 

Germany, 

Great Britain and Colonies 

Hawaii, 

Italy, 

Japan, 

Liberia, 

Mexico, 

Morocco, 

Netherlands, 

Norway, 

Orange Free State, . . . 

Peru, 

Portugal, 

Russia, 

Siam, 

Spain, 

Sweden, 

Switzerland, 

Tunis, 

Turkey, 

United States, 

Venezuela, 



Date of First Receipt of 
Goods. 



May 19th, 1876. 

April 4th, " 

March 7th, " 

April 1st, " 

" 10th, " 

May 2d, " 

April 5th, " 

January 18th, " 

March 3d, " 

February 29th, " 

January 21st, " 

April 4th, " 

March 31st, " 

January 19th, " 

April 28th, " 

" 8th, " 

March 18th, " 

" 20th, " 

February 16th, ( ' 

March 27th, " 

April 29th, " 

March 29th, " 

October 7th, " 

March 22d, " 

February 16th, " 

April 1st, " 

May 4th, " 

April 6th, " 

October 12th, 1875. 

March 16th, 1876. 



No. of 
Packages. 



212 

i,453 

^275 

1,650 

3,891 

477 

157 

157 

274 

5,152 
3,330 
7,385 
93 
I ,750 
7,112 



57i 

679 

15 

60 

738 

1,361 

229 

2,581 

1,586 

340 

58 

121 

111,228 

29 



Weight. 
Pounds. 



63,295 
790,602 
893,263 
348,037 
1,367,671 

51,026 
41,564 
68,640 

2,279, J 35 
1,822,304 
4,266,039 
",370 
475,071 
1,241,125 

1,731 

104,659 

40,440 

151,703 

463,003 

5,130 

6,760 

164,203 

1,132,095 

15,545 

502,111 

860,177 

108,903 

14,140 

25,004 

38,064,234 

4,720 



154,273 



57,116,658 



The first arrival of foreign building material was Great Britain, December 10th, 1875 ; 
Sweden, December 1st, 1875 ; and Japan, January 19th, 1876. 






7o 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(H.) 



Statement of the Quantity of Goods Removed from 
the Exhibition, by Railroad. 



Date. 


Cars. 


Packages. 


Pounds Weight. 


Date. 


Cars. 


Packages. 


Pounds Weight. 


1876. 
Nov. 11. 


1 


1 


20,000 


1876. 
Dec. 19. 


41 


1,262 


413,250 


" '3- 


1 


33 


3,000 


" 20. 


35 


679 


390,190 


" 14. 


7 


54 


135,452 


" 21. 


48 


1,893 


617,362 


" 15- 


8 


95 


I9 2 ,587 


" 22. 


56 


903 


718,173 


" 16. 


39 


613 


571,989 


" 23. 


58 


973 


990,920 


" 17. 


29 


501 


274,5io 


" 26. 


32 


728 


320,516 


" 18. 


34 


669 


447,563 


" 27. 


44 


1,264 


385,513 


" 20. 


31 


1,183 


447,37° 


" 28. 


60 


1,770 


838,487 


" 21. 


45 


1,219 


593,3o8 


" 29. 


48 


922 


424,206 


" 22. 

" 23- 


53 
60 


1,798 
2,231 


694,117 
823,845 


" 3°- 

1877. 
Jan. 2. 


49 

18 


614 
621 


738,650 
255,670 


" 24- 


5° 


i,294 


573,588 


" 3- 


4 


63 


35,48o 


" 25. 


59 


1,631 


656,335 


" 4- 


11 


209 


73,255 


" 27. 


70 


1,936 


977,751 


" 5- 


18 


320 


207,720 


" .28. 


61 


2,018 


800,579 


" 6. 


22 


372 


233,140 


" 29. 


7i 


i,97i 


772,729 


" 8. 


37 


838 


405,853 


Dec. 1. 


59 


i,455 


737,370 


" 9- 


12 


243 


155,746 


" 2. 


75 


2,416 


790,642 


" 10. 


37 


1,303 


473,oio 


" 4- 


72 


i,594 


863,334 


" 11. 


25 


749 


255,680 


" 5- 


62 


1,083 


614,894 


" 12. 


39 


1,637 


566,410 


" 6. 


63 


1,230 


601,856 


" 13- 


33 


797 


371,135 


" 7- 


59 


1,006 


558,603 


" 15- 


10 


282 


116,190 


" 8. 


73 


1,645 


875,005 


" 16. 


10 


273 


114,210 


" 9- 


45 


1,263 


550,760 


" 17- 


11 


404 


i69,775 


" 11. 


49 


1,104 


6o3,995 


" 18. 


16 


556 


157,700 


" 12. 


64 


1,613 


582,520 


" 19- 


10 


146 


1^0,065 


" »3- 


60 


868 


49 I > 8 35 


" 20. 


3 


189 


34,052 


" 14- 


58 


1,163 


602,235 


" 23. 


11 


362 


104,620 


" IS- 


60 


1,837 


641,728 


" 24. 


1 


277 


25,840 


" 16. 


52 


831 


441,740 


" 25. 


6 


563 


85,590 


" 18. 


29 


502 


219,860 


" 26. 


8 


631 


8i,793 




Total, 


2,318 


58,700 


27,041,271 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



71 



Of.) 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Statement of the Quantity of Goods Removed from the 
Exhibition by Railroad, by Countries. 



Austria, 

Belgium, 

Brazil, 

Canada, 

China, 

Chili, 

Denmark, 

Egypt. 

France, 

Germany, 

Great Britain and Colonies, 

Hawaii, 

Italy, 

Japan, 

Mexico, 

Morocco, 

Netherlands, 

Norway, 

Peru, 

Portugal, 

Russia, 

Spain, 

Sweden, 

Switzerland, 

Turkey, 

' United States, .... 



Date of 
First Shipment. 



December 11, 1876. 
" 2, " 

" 6, *' 

November 28, " 
December 2, " 

'3, " 

January 5, 1877. 
December 13, 1876. 
November 25, " 
December 2, " 
November 21, " 
December 19, " 
3°, " 
13, " 
28, " 
January 12, 1877. 
December 13, 1876. 
November 28, " 
December 30, " 

January 26, 1877. 
November 27, 1876. 



29. 

December 1, 

November 28, 



No. of 
Cars. 



25 
34 
*7 
67 

2 

4 

3 

2 

102 

85 
> 33 

1 

37 
18 



30 

13 

1 

7 

33 

24 

27 

1 

3 

1,643 



No. of 
Pack- 
ages. 



525 

699 

462 

2,699 

48 

62 

52 

81 

2,279 

1,605 

2,239 

8 

929 

475 

120 

9 

570 
360 

37 

614 

593 

823 

520 

25 

82 

42,784 



Weight 
(pounds). 



(2,318 58,700 



180,650 

477,365 

I43, 6 45 

1 ,056,360 

14,550 

31,060 

27,280 

12,125 

1,126,825 

1,122,525 

1,425, 59 1 

1,010 

449,940 

163,630 

27,250 

2,150 

234,085 

175,79° 

6,040 

79,793 

549,°35 

275,545 

382,807 

6,500 

24,250 

i9, 45,47 

27,041,271 



Date of 
Last Shipment. 



January 23, 

December 19, 

" 8, 

January 17, 
December 19, 

" 13, 

January 16, 

December 13, 

January 23, 

" 13, 

25, 

December 19, 

January 17, 

December 30, 

January 26, 

January 12, 

December 22, 

" 3°, 

January 26, 

December 12, 

January 23, 

16, 

December 1, 

January 9, 



1877. 

1876. 

(, 

1877. 
1876. 

1877. 
1876. 
1877. 



1876. 
1877. 
1876. 
1877. 
1877. 
1876. 



1877. 
1876. 
1877. 

1876. 
1877. 






Bureau of 
Transportation. 



72 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
(JO 



Statement of the Number of Empty Packing-cases 
Stored at the Exhibition, by Countries and Buildings. 



COUNTRIES. 



Argentine Republic, ... 

Austria, 

Belgium, 

Brazil, 

China, 

Chili, 

Denmark, 

Egypt, 

France, 

Germany, 

Great Britain and Colonies, 

Hawaii, 

Italy, 

Mexico, 

Netherlands, 

Norway, 

Portugal, 

Russia, 

Spain, 

Sweden, 

Switzerland, 

Tunis, 

Turkey, 

United States, 



Total, 



Art 
Gallery. 



136 
96 
84 



178 
162 
213 



743 
57 

175 
59 



67 



631 



z.749 



Main 
Building. 



94 
694 
553 
244 
488 
116 

15 

136 

1,173 

J ,°93 

2,470 

34 
377 

51 
293 
315 
5" 
651 
431 



23 

58 

5,946 



16,700 



Ma- 
chinery 
Building. 



260 

140 



96 
277 

723 



3,360 



5,i68 



Agri- 
cultural 
Building, 



85 

58 

4 

395 



259 
201 
411 



13 
142 



537 
229 



1,518 



3,973 



Shoe and 
Leather 
Building, 



583 



609 



190 

888 

913 

875 

488 

116 

29 

136 

1,706 

i,733 

3,8i7 

34 

1,120 

121 

6zo 

499 

1,048 

1,108 

543 

820 

286 

23 

58 

12,038 



29,199 



Cases from buildings not named in the table are included with those of the principal buildings, according 
to location or classification. 

The whole number of cases stored, irrespective of the practice of placing the smaller ones within the 
larger ones, was about fifty thousand. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



73 



(K.) 

Statement of the Daily Average for each Week of the 
Number of Employes in the Service of the Contractors 
Receiving Goods, and the Tons Weight of Goods Re- 
ceived BY THEM AT THE EXHIBITION. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Week Ending 



February 5th, 
" 12th, 

" 26th, 
March 4th, . 

" nth, . 

" 18th, . 

" 25th, . 
April 1st, . . 

** 8th, . . 



Average 

No. of Men 

Working. 



38 
40 
40 
45 
5° 
55 
55 
70 
100 
150 



Average Daily 
Weight. 
Tons Net. 



5.22 
8.81 
58.17 
23-49 
80.84 
99.64 
82.36 
94-37 
207.12 
279.38 



Week Ending 



April 15th, 

" 22d, 

" 29th, 

May 6th, 

" 13*, 
" 20th, 
" 27th, 
June 3d, . 
" 10th, . 



Average 
No. of Men 
Working. 



220 
360 
37° 
3SO 
160 
150 
155 
125 



Average Daily 

Weight. 

Tons Net. 



470.89 
632.59 
734-27 
687.52 
216.56 
209.16 
212.29 
116.62 
90.43 



The records show the average weight of goods received during the nineteen weeks ending 
June 10th, per days' labor, to have been one and six-tenths tons net, and under special conditions 
during part of the time over two tons net. 



(L.) 

Statement of Appliances Used by the Contractors in 
Receiving Exhibits at the Exhibition. 



19,000 feet of Railroad track. 
6 Locomotives. 
25 Wagons and drays. 

1 Catamaran. 

1,000 feet of stationary platforms. 
6 Portable platforms. 

2 Locomotive cranes. 

1 Traction engine and crane. 
1 Stationary steam crane. 



2 Portable hoists. 

3 Pairs of shears. 
150 Warehouse trucks. 

50 Wagon trucks. 

6 Express trucks. 

8 Hydraulic jacks. 
60 Wooden rollers. 
50 Iron bars. 















74 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
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Transportation. 



?6 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(P-) 

Statistics Relating to Transportation within the 
Exhibition. 

West End Passenger Railway Company. 

Length of track, 8 miles. 

Length of route, double track, nearly 3^ miles. 

Number of locomotives, ....'. 8 

Number of cars, 38 

Number of trains daily, 128 

Capacity of each car, 107 passengers. 

Number of stations, 19 

Number of passengers carried each week ending — 



May 20th, 23,135 

May 27th, 56,167 

June 3d, 88,457 

June 10th, 104,212 

June 17th, 109,676 

June 24th, 126,647 

July 1st, m,ii7 

July 8th, 152,505 

July 15th, 84,826 

July 22d, 76 521 

July 29th, 81,363 

August 5th, 85,289 

August 1 2th, 100,586 



August 19th, 112,086 

August 26th, 157,730 

September 2d, 152,135 

September 9th, 202,562 

September 16th, 231,103 

September 23d, 244,630 

September 30th, 237,184 

October 7th, 219,273 

October 14th, 229,994 

October 21st, 231,164 

October 28th, 203,689 

November 4th, 2 33>339 

November nth, 157,404 



Total 3,8i2,794 



The number of passengers carried September 28th was 72,107. 

Centennial Rolling-chair Company. 

Number of chairs operated, 3 2 8 

Number of stations for hiring chairs in Main Building, 7 

" " " " Machinery Hall, 4 

" " " " Agricultural Hall, 1 

" " " " United States Government Building, I 

" " " " Women's Pavilion, 1 

" " " " Annexes and grounds, 8 



Total, 



Rates charged for use of chairs with attendant, per hour $0 60 

" « " " " " " half-day 2 25 

<< << " « << " " day 4 5° 

Rates without an attendant, forty cents for the first hour, and thirty cents an 
hour afterwards. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 77 

(^rCJ Bureau of 

Transportation. 

Statement relative to European and American Passen- 
ger Rates, in Connection with International Exhibi- 
tions. 

Only imperfect records of arrangements and rates for the European and 
transportation of visitors to previous exhibitions are acces- passenger rates, 
sible, hence any particular comparison of them is impossible. 
The following information has been compiled from various 
sources : — 

London, 1851. 

During this exhibition there was a sharp competition London 

, ..... . - ,. Exhibition, 1 85 1. 

between rival railroad companies from some sections of 

England for excursion business to London. Second and 

third class round-trip tickets, good for one week, by special 

trains, were sold, under a joint agreement between rival lines, 

from Liverpool and Manchester, for three dollars and sixty-five 

cents, being at a rate of nine mills per passenger per mile by 

the short line; while from Bradford, Leeds, Sheffield, and the 

neighboring districts, like tickets were sold, in competition, Excursion rates 

for one dollar and twenty-two cents, being at the rate of 

about one-third of a cent per mile. Regular rates, in cents, 

gold, per mile traveled, were as follows: — 





First Class. 


Second Class. 


Third Class. 


Liverpool, 202 miles, 


. 4.56 


3.16 


1 .9 1 Regular English 


Manchester, 189 miles, 


. 4.26 


3-o8 


rates. 
2.03 


Leeds, 185 miles, 


• 4-32 
London, 1862. 


3.16 


2.03 



An amicable arrangement was maintained between the London 
competing railroad lines of England during this exhibition. 
The following, in cents, gold, per mile traveled, is an illustration 
of the average rates charged, regular rates being stated for 
comparison : — 





First Class. 


Second Class. 


Third Class. 


Edinburgh, 400 miles, . 


. 4.26 


3.O6 


2.0I Rates, 


excursion, . 


. . . 


1. 21 


1. 21 


Glasgow, 405 miles, 


. 4-22 


3.06 


2.03 


excursion, 


. . . 


I.20 


I.20 



78 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation . 

Paris 
Exhibition, 1867, 



Percentage of 
reductions. 



Paris, 1867. 

The reductions made by the French railroad companies 
from regular rates for visitors to the exhibition were, on 
special trains, from fifty to seventy-five per cent., according to 
distance; and for round-trip tickets, good on "ordinary" 
trains, from twenty-five to forty-five per cent. The following 
are the different rates in cents, gold, per passenger per 
mile: — 

First Class. Second Class. Third Class. 

Regular rates, . . . . 3.50 2.66 1.93 

With twenty-five per cent, off, . 2.625 x -995 I 4475 

With fifty per cent, off, . . 1.75 1.33 0.965 

With seventy-five per cent, off, 0.875 0.665 0.4825 



Vienna, 1873. 



Vienna 
Exhibition, 1873. 



Regular rates. 



Reductions. 



Accurate 
comparison 
cannot be made. 



The rates charged per passenger per mile on nearly all the 
railroads in Austria and Hungary are in cents, gold, as fol- 
lows (subject to an additional charge of about twenty per cent, 
for so-called "fast" trains on some roads): — First class, 3.71 ; 
second class, 2. 80; third class, 1.86; and fourth class, 0.93, 
which were reduced one-half to exhibitors and visitors by 
special trains, and without train limitations on Prussian 
railroads managed by the state. On Belgian state railroads 
and the Eastern Railroad of France, passenger rates were 
reduced twenty-five per cent., and to parties of not less than 
two hundred, from Paris to Vienna direct, fifty per cent. 
Reductions in passenger rates were made by many other 
railroad companies in various sections of Europe, but with- 
out uniformity, and do not admit of being briefly stated. 

From these notes it will be seen that any accurate compari- 
son of passenger rates for the exhibitions at Vienna and 
Philadelphia cannot be made. The differences in the habits 
of the people, as shown in the selection of the class of rail- 
road carriages in which to ride, also determines the same 
conclusion. In America only first class tickets are sold on 
nearly all the railroads, while on the roads in the German 
railroad union, including the Austro-Hungarian railroads, the 
percentage of passengers of each class is — First class, 1.7 1 ; 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 79 

second class, 16.22; third class, 61.20; fourth class, 17.08; Bureau of 

Transportation . 

military, &c, 3.79. 

Austrian second class passenger rates secure the passenger 
accommodations more comparable with that of American 
first class than do the other classes of rates ; but the speed of 
trains in Austria is generally slow, and when as fast as is 
customary on American railroads subjects the passenger to 
an increase of about twenty per cent, on the charge for the Extra charges. 
ticket. This extra charge being included in the Austrian 
rates makes them greater than those charged in the eastern 
and central States, but not nearly as high as in the southern 
and trans-Mississippi States of America. 

Philadelphia, i8j6. 

The railroads terminating in Philadelphia, comprising an Philadelphia 
aggregate length of three thousand eight hundred and forty- 
six miles, made liberal provisions for the sale of excursion 
tickets from points along their own roads to the Exhibition. 
The rates established by them, given in the following state- Local rates, 
ment, do not include the price of admission to the Exhibition, 
the ticket for which was sold as a coupon in many excursion 
tickets. These rates, varying from nine to twenty-nine mills 
per mile traveled, according to circumstances, were increased 
as the number of passengers in the party decreased, or as the 
limitation in time was extended. The price of tickets was 
stated as being at a specified discount from the regular rate, 
or as being at a specified charge per mile traveled. Half 
excursion rates were given to children from five to twelve 
years of age. 

Special trains were furnished if parties were too large to be Special trains, 
carried upon regular trains, previous notice being given. 
They were run as sections of regular trains, and when run, 
tickets sold to the party were not good upon any other. If Limitation of 
the excursionists had one-day tickets they were good for the 
return trip upon the special train only. But tickets for more 
than one day were good for the return trip, within the limita- 
tions, upon any train stopping at the station. 



8o 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



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82 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
(T.) 



Comparison of Passenger Rates to Vienna, 1873, and 
Philadelphia, 1876, Gold. 



30 
31 
33 
33 

57 
56 
69 
69 
90 

9i 
100 
100 

105 
106 
140 
139 
253 
255 
354 
352 
374 
375 
415 
434 
763 
750 
822 
847 



Wilmington, Del., 
Neustadt (Wien), 
Trenton, N. J., . 
Gross Weikersed, 
Bethlehem, Pa., . 
Schattan, .... 
Lancaster, Pa., . 
Semmering, . . . 
New York, . . . 
Jarmeritz, . . . 
Baltimore, Md., . 
Trebitsche, . . . 
Harrisburg, Pa. , 

Bruck, 

Washington, D. C. 

Gratz 

Waverly, N. Y., 

Cracow 

Pittsburg, Pa , . 
Nabresina, . . . 
Rochester, N. Y. 
Dresden, .... 
Buffalo, N. Y., . 
Basiasch, .... 
Chattanooga, Tenn 
Roman, .... 
Chicago, 111., . . 
Paris, 



Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 
Philadelphia, 
Vienna, . . . 



Regular Rates by Class 



First. Second. Third. 



$1 12 



1 19 



1 68 



2 59 



2 78 



3 97 



5 18 



9 60 



n 60 



14 86 



34 78 



$0 46 

84 

9 1 

89 

■ 37 

1 41 

1 87 

1 94 

2 41 
2 32 
2 82 
2 04 



4 10 

3 89 

6 28 

7 20 
9 °9 
9 85 

8 87 

9 22 
9 79 

" 15 
22 75 
20 94 
18 20 
25 45 



$0 



56 



99 



80 



37 



93 



Excursion 

Rates (Gold), 

American 

First Class. 

Vienna 

Second Class. 



$0 91 
84 

1 05 
89 

2 OO 

1 41 

2 <X) 

1 94 

4 55 

2 32 

3 64 

2 04 

3 is 
2 98 

6 15 

3 89 
9 27 

7 20 
12 74 

9 85 
11 83 

9 22 
11 83 
" 15 
3 1 25 
20 94 
22 75 
19 09 



Rate per 
Passenger 

per Mile. 

Cents. 



1. 516 
1-355 

1-59 
1.348 
1-754 
1 259 
1.506 
1.405 
2.528 
1-275 

1.82 

1.02 
1. 516 
1.405 
2.196 
14 
1.832 
1 412 
i. 800 
1.400 
1. 581 

1.23 
1.425 
1.284 
2.196 
1.400 
1-383 
1. 127 



APPENDIX. 



CONTENTS OF APPENDIX. 



I. Extracts from general regulations relating to transportation, . . 85 

II. Official Circular No. 100, asking concessions in rates, 85 

III. Official Circular No. 121, asking concessions in rates 86 

Concessions for transportation of goods by " the Trunk Lines," 87 

IV. Concessions for transportation of goods, Official Circular 164, 87 
V. Official Circular No. 142, the receipt of exhibits, 90 

Notes on Circular No. 142, 92 

Instructions to agents of Railroad Companies about exhibits, . 94 

Transfer and dray charges at Philadelphia, 95 

VI. Terminal charges on wagon goods, &c, 96 

VII. Terminal charges abolished, Circular No. 195, 97 

VIII. Terminal charges refunded 97 

IX. Official Circular No. 144, the receipt of exhibits, 98 

X. General Order No. 8, receipt of exhibits discontinued, .... 99 

XL Official Circular No. 220, to exhibitors of live stock 99 

XII. Official Circular No. 237, the removal of exhibits 101 

XIII. Official Circular No. 239, Burning of empty cases, 102 

XIV. Blank check list of goods received by railroad, 102 

XV. Blank check list and manifest of goods received by other than 

railroad transportation, 103 

XVI. Blank permit for admitting articles not subject to terminal 

charges 104 

XVII. Pass for the removal of goods, 104 

XVIII. Certificate for securing free return transportation of exhibits, . . 104 

XIX. Order and bill of lading for the removal of goods, 105 

XX. Official notice to remove goods, 106 

XXI. Regulations governing the issue of Centennial tickets, .... 106 

XXII. Customs regulations, First series, October 3d, 1874, 108 

XXIII. Customs regulations, Second series, November 1st, 1875, . . . in 

XXIV. Customs regulations, Special decisions, November 22d, 1875, . 114 
XXV. Customs regulations, Goods of foreign governments, 115 

XXVI. Appraisal of damaged goods, 116 

XXVII. Customs regulations concerning sales of goods, June 1st, 1876, . 117 

XXVIII. Notice issued by the Surveyor, June 20th, 1876, 119 

XXIX. Second regulations concerning sales of goods, July 2lst, 1876, . 119 

XXX. Regulations concerning the exportation of Canadian exhibits, . 121 

XXXI. Entry of gifts, . . 123 

XXXII. Export of goods, 123 

XXXIII. Notice relative to goods not removed by December 31st, 1876, 125 

XXXIV. Form for invoices of foreign goods 126 

XXXV. Warehouse entry, 127 

XXXVI. Permit to remove goods from the wharf, in Philadelphia, to 

the Exhibition 128 

XXXVII. Affidavit to lists of goods for sale, 128 

XXXVIII. Daily sales entry 129 

XXXIX. Permit to sell goods, 129 

XL. Manifests for immediate transportation, 130 

XLI. Bond for goods removed for repairs, 131 

XLII. Bond for dutiable goods on exhibition 132 

(84) 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 85 

a\ Bureau of 

■/ Transportation. 



Extracts relating to the Transportation and Hand- 
ling of Exhibits, &c, from General Regulations 
issued July 4.TH, 1874, for Exhibitors in the United 
States. 

7. Exhibitors, or such agents as they may designate, shall be responsible for General regula- 

the receiving, unpacking, and arrangement of objects, as well as for their transportation 

removal at the close of the Exhibition. and terminal 

service. 

8. The transportation, receiving, unpacking, and arranging of the products 
for exhibition will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

12. If no authorized person is at hand to receive goods on their arrival at the 
Exhibition building, they will be removed without delay, and stored at the cost 
and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 

14. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to the close of the 
Exhibition. 

16. Immediately after the close of the Exhibition, exhibitors shall remove 
their effects, and complete such removal before December 31st, 1876. Goods 
then remaining will be removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, 
or otherwise disposed of, under the direction of the Commission. 






(II.) 

[No. 700.] 

United States Centennial Commission. — International circular no. 100. 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Trans- 
portation. 

Philadelphia, , 187 

Sir : — The Congress of the United States has directed that there shall be 
held in the city of Philadelphia in 1876, in commemoration of American Inde- 
pendence, an International Exhibition, as the chief feature of the Centennial 
Celebration. Most of the governments of the world have accepted the invitation 
of the President to be present and take part in the Exhibition. The Centennial 
Commission has fully organized the several departments of the national enterprise, 
and its success is now guaranteed beyond any question. The attendance of both 
exhibitors and visitors will undoubtedly be as great as at any international 
exhibition heretofore held. 

One of the most essential departments of the administration of the Exhibition 
is that of Transportation, which it is hoped may be organized on a comprehensive 
scale, and in a manner that will reflect credit on the ability and extent of the 















86 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Requesting 
concessions 
in rates. 



transportation interests of the United States. It is very important that there 
should be an official announcement, as soon as possible, of any exceptional 
tariffs that may be conceded for passenger fares and for goods intended for 
Exhibition. We beg, therefore, to call your attention to the subject, with the 
assurance that you will extend your co-operation to render the rates on your line 
favorable, and thus promote the general interests of the national enterprise. 

We shall be pleased to receive from you at an early day information on the 
following points : — 

1. What reduction will you authorize on goods for the Exhibition shipped 
over your line from terminal or local points (a) in one direction, or (6) when 
shipped to and returned from the Exhibition, ownership being unchanged ? 

2. What reduction from current passenger rates will you authorize to and from 
Philadelphia of (a) recognized officials of the Exhibition, (6) foreign com- 
missioners, (c) exhibitors, and (a?) workmen, coming from terminal or local 
points ? 

The Exhibition will open on the tenth day of May, 1876, and close on the 
tenth day of November following. Communications may be addressed to the 
Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, who will be glad to furnish you with 
further information. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORREY, Director- General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 



(III.) 

\No. 121.] 
Circular No. i2t. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 

Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

Philadelphia, August 31st, 1875. 

A copy of circular No. 100, printed herein, was sent in May last to officers of 
transportation companies. Replies to this circular have, with great uniformity, 
announced a willingness to transport exhibits for full rates to the Exhibition, and 
if unsold, to return the same free. 

It is important that we should have the information requested in that circular 
as soon as possible, for the use of intending exhibitors. To this end a blank 
form for reply is enclosed, which please return properly dated and signed, if in 
accordance with your intended action. 

For your information the letter of A. J. Cassatt, Third Vice-President Penn- 
sylvania Railroad, announcing the decision of the trunk lines, is printed here- 
with. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

D. TORREY, Director- General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 87 

Pennsylvania Railroad Company. „ Bureau of 

Transportation. 

Philadelphia, August 21st, 1875. 

Hon. A. T. Goshorn, Director- General United States Centennial Exhibition, 

Philadelphia, 
Dear Sir : — We have received responses from the New York Central, the Concession 
Erie, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Companies, assenting to the proposed f^nkUnes. 
arrangement with reference to the transportation of goods to and from the Cen- 
tennial Exhibition. 

It is therefore understood that regular rates shall be charged on all goods 
carried to the Exhibition for exhibitors over the roads controlled by the above- 
named companies and by this company, and that all unsold goods shall be re- 
turned free, — freight and all charges to be prepaid in every case. This arrange- 
ment to cover all articles intended for the Exhibition as well as all other articles 
forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the Exhibition. 
Very truly, yours, 

A. J. CASSATT, 

Third Vice-President. 



[121 a..] 
Office of Company, 1875. 

Dear Sir : — This company will transport at regular rates all articles intended Form 121 a, 

blank form f 
concession. 



for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as bl 



all other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with 
the Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to 
be prepaid in every case. 

Respectfully, 

To the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United States Centennial Com- 
mission. 



(IV.) 

(No. 164.) 

United States Centennial Commission. — International circular n .i6 4 . 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

The form of announcement (used by railroad companies) of the conditions on Terms for the 
which goods will be transported to the Exhibition is as follows: — oT'cxMbits.' " 

"This company will transport, at regular rates, all articles intended for 
Exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as 
other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the 
Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to be 
prepaid in every case." 

Goods cannot be delivered at the Exhibition grounds except over roads from 
which the above has been received. 



88 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Free 
transportation. 



Regular rates 
one way. 



List of roads. 



The terms on which articles sent to the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
Philadelphia, will be transported, have been announced by the respective com- 
panies, as follows: — 

FREE TRANSPORTATION. 

American Line of Coast and River Steamers, China. Russell & Co., proprietors, from ports at 

which steamers touch to Shanghai. 
Grand Tower and Carbondale Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
Indiana, North and South Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
Missouri, Iowa and Nebraska Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
Oregon and California Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 
Virginia and Truckee Railroad, to and from the Exhibition. 

HALF RATES. 

The companies named below have agreed to transport at regular rates to 
Philadelphia all articles intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition 
of 1876, and to return articles unsold free. Freight and all charges to be pre- 
paid in every case. The * indicates lines on which the owner of goods must 
assume all risk of damage to them. 



Adirondack Company's Railroad. 

Alabama and Chattanooga Railroad. 

Allegheny Valley Railroad. 

Arkansas Valley Railway. 

Ashtabula, Youngstown and Pittsburg Rail- 
road. 

Atchison and Nebraska Railroad. 

Atlanta and West Point Railroad. 

Atlantic and Gulf Railroad. 

Atlantic and Great Western Railroad. 

Atlantic and Pacific Railroad. 

Atlantic, Tennessee and Ohio Railroad. 

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. 

Baltimore and Potomac Railroad. 

Boston and Albany Railroad. 

Boston, Barre and Gardner Railroad. 

Boston, Clinton and Fitchburg Railroad. 

Boston and Maine Railroad.* 

Boston, Lowell and Nashua Railroad.* 

Boston and Providence Railroad. 

Bridgeton and Port Norris Railroad. 

Buffalo, New York and Philadelphia Railroad. 

Burlington and Missouri River Railroad in 
Nebraska. 

Cairo and Vincennes Railroad. 

Camden and Amboy Railroad. 

Catasauqua and Fogelsville Railroad. 

Central Railroad of New Jersey. 

Central Pacific Railroad. 

Central Vermont Railroad.* 

Charlotte, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 

Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. 

Cheshire Railroad. 

Chicago and Lake Huron Railroad. 

Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. 

Chicago and North- Western Railroad. 

Chicago and Pacific Railroad. 

Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton Railroad. 

Cincinnati, Lafayette and Chicago Railroad. 

Cincinnati, Richmond and Fort Wayne Rail- 
road. 



Cincinnati, Sandusky and Cleveland Railroad. 

Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indiana 
Railroad. 

Cleveland, Mount Vernon and Columbus Rail- 
road. 

Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad. 

Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central Rail- 
road. 

Concord Railroad. 

Connecticut River Railroad.* 

Cumberland Valley Railroad. 

Dakota Southern Railroad. 

Danville, Hazleton and Wilkesbarre Railroad. 

Davenport and St. Paul Railroad 

Dayton and Union Railroad. 

Delaware and Hudson Canal Company. 

Denver and Boulder Valley Railway. 

Denver Pacific Railway. 

Denver and Rio Grande Railway. 

Detroit, Eel River and Illinois Railroad. 

Detroit, Lansing and Lake Michigan Railroad. 

Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad.* 

Dubuque South-Western Railroad. 

Dunkirk, Allegheny Valley and Pittsburg 
Railroad. 

East Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Empire Transportation Company. 

Erie Railroad. 

Erie and Pittsburg Railroad. 

Evansville and Crawfordsville Railroad. 

Flint and Pere Marquette Railway. 

Galveston, Harrisburg and San Antonio Rail- 
way. 

Galveston, Houston and Henderson Railway. 

Grand Rapids and Indiana Railroad. 

Grand Trunk Railway. 

Great Western Railway of Canada. 

Green Bay and Minnesota Railroad. 

Hannibal and St. Joseph Railroad. 

Hanover and Gettysburg Railroad. 

Hanover Junction Railroad. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



89 



Housatonic Railroad. 

Houston and Texas Central Railroad. 

Illinois Midland Railway. 

Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western Rail- 
way. 

Indianapolis, Peru and Chicago Railroad. 

Indianapolis and Vincennes Railroad. 

Jeffersonville, Madison and Indianapolis Rail- 
road. 

Junction City and Fort Kearney Railway. 

Kansas City, St. Joseph and Council Bluffs 
Railroad. 

Kansas Pacific Railway. 

Lake Erie and Louisville Railroad. 

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad. 

Lake Superior and Mississippi Railroad. 

Leavenworth, Lawrence and Galveston Rail- 
road. 

Lehigh Valley Railroad. 

Little Miami Railroad. 

Logansport.Crawfordsville and South-Western 
Railroad. 

Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington Railroad. 

Louisville, Nashville and Great Southern 
Railroad. 

Louisville, Paducah and South-Western Rail- 
road. 

Macon and Brunswick Railroad. 

Mansfield, Coldwater and Lake Michigan 
Railroad. 

Marietta and Cincinnati Railroad. 

Marietta, Pittsburg and Cleveland Railway. 

Memphis, Carthage and North- Western Rail- 
road. 

Milwaukee, Lake Shore and Western Railroad. 

Mineral Point Railroad. 

Missouri River, Fort Scott and Gulf Railroad. 

Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railroad. 

Mobile and Ohio Railroad. 

Morgan's Louisiana and Texas Railroad and 
Steamship Company. 

Nashua, Acton and Boston Railroad. 

New Canaan Railroad. 

New Haven and Northampton Railroad. 

New Jersey Midland Railway. 

New Jersey Southern Railroad. 

New London Northern Railroad.* 

New Orleans and Mobile Railroad. 

New Orleans, St. Louis and Chicago Railroad. 

New York Central and Hudson River Rail- 
road. 

New York and New England Railroad. 

Northern Central Railroad. 

North Pennsylvania Railroad. 

North- Western Stage Company. 

Ohio and Mississippi Railway. 

Pennsylvania Company. 



Pennsylvania Railroad. 

Pennsylvania and New York Canal and Rail- 
road. 

People's Line of Steamers. 

Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. 

Philadelphia and Erie Railroad. 

Philadelphia and Reading Railroad. 

Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Rail- 
road. 

Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railroad. 

Pittsburg, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad. 

Poughkeepsie, Hartford and Boston Railroad. 

Providence and Stonington Steamship Com- 
pany. 

Providence, Warren and Bristol Railroad. 

Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Rail- 
road. 

Rome Railroad. 

Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad. 

St. Joseph and Denver City Railroad. 

St. Louis, Alton and Terre Haute Railroad. 

St. Louis, Iron Mountain and Southern Rail- 
road. 

St Louis, Kansas City and Northern Railway. 

St. Louis and South-Eastern Railway. 

St. Paul and Pacific Railroad (1st Division). 

St. Paul and Sioux City Railroad. 

St. Paul, Stillwater and Taylor's Falls Rail- 
road. 

Sandusky, Mansfield and Newark Railroad. 

Selma, Rome and Dalton Railroad. 

Sioux City and Pacific Railroad. 

Southern Central Railroad. 

South and North Alabama Railroad. 

Southern Minnesota Railroad. 

Springfield, Athol and North-Eastern Rail- 
road. 

Springfield and North- Western Railroad. 

Sussex Railroad. 

Toledo, Peoria and Warsaw Railway. 

Traverse City Railroad. 

Tuckerton Railroad. 

Vandalia Line. 

Vicksburg and Meridian Railroad. 

Washington and Ohio Railroad. 

Washington City, Virginia Midland and Great 
Southern Railroad. 

West Chester and Philadelphia Railroad. 

Western Railroad of Alabama. 

Western and Atlantic Railroad. 

Western Maryland Railroad. 

Western Union Railroad. 

West Jersey Railroad. 

Wilmington, Columbia and Augusta Railroad. 

Wilmington and Weldon Railroad. 

Wisconsin Central Railroad. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



D. TORREV, 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, January 15th, 1876. 



A. T. GOSHORN, 

Director- General. 



90 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



(V.) 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

[Afc. 142.-] 

Circular No. 142. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 

Transportation EXHIBITION, 1 876, PHILADELPHIA. BUREAU OF TrANS- 

regulations. 

PORTATION. 



Reception of 
articles. 



Boxing. 



TO EXHIBITORS. 

1. Reception of Articles. — The general reception of articles at the Exhibition 
buildings will commence January 5th, 1876, and close on April 19th, 1876. 
Machinery and other heavy articles will be admitted as soon as the special foun- 
dations for them are prepared, and it is desirable that they should be in place 
prior to the reception of other exhibits. 

2. Boxing. — In boxing goods for the Exhibition, screws should be used in- 
stead of nails. 



Shipping 
directions. 



Explanatory 
note. 



Defining 
location. 



Arrangement 
with transporta- 
tion companies. 



3. Shipping Directions. — Each package must be marked, "To the Director- 
General International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia," and should be 
marked on two adjoining sides, giving the following information : — 

Name of exhibitor. 
Siding at which to be unloaded. 
Specific location allotted to the exhibitor. 
Weight of the package. 

Total number of packages sent by the exhibitor. 
Serial number of the particular package. 

Within each package should be a list of articles and a copy of the outside 
directions. 

Each package should contain only articles intended for a single department. 

Note. — To facilitate the delivery of packages so marked, there have been con- 
structed within the Exhibition grounds several lines of railway. At convenient 
points on these lines are located sidings and platforms for the delivery of articles 
to be exhibited in the immediate vicinity. Each siding is designated by a 
number, and the address-label or tag on each article or package must give the 
number of the siding at which it is to be delivered. The address-label should 
also state the location in the building in which the article is to be exhibited, in 
accordance with the system for designating localities, as follows : — 

" Each column within the building will be lettered and numbered ; the letters 
designating the lines of columns lengthwise from east to west, and the numbers 
the lines crosswise from north to south. Each exhibitor will have his location 
defined with reference to the nearest column, and the official directory of the 
building will give the positions according to this system." 

4. Arrangement with Transportation Companies. — The exceptional arrange- 
ments made by the United States Centennial Commission with transportation 
companies do not in any way affect the regular rules of such companies in regard 
to the classification of goods or the conditions of receiving or transporting the 
same, except in requiring the prepayment of freight. The rates for transporting 
goods for the Exhibition will be obtained from the agents of the transportation 
companies at the place of shipment, and not at Philadelphia. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 9 1 

5. Through bills of lading and advice of shipment made. — Through bills of Bureau of 
lading should be obtained, so that goods will, without any attention by the rans P or 10m 
shipper, be sent direct to the Exhibition. They must show the precise route by Bills of lading, 
which the articles or packages are to be transported, specifying in detail every 

road over which the freight is shipped, from the point of starting to Philadelphia, 
so that it may be returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, 
the line transporting it must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading 
must be mailed by the shipper to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, 
United States Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, and letters of advice should 
also be forwarded, giving information of the shipments made, and full particu- 
lars in regard to articles of bulky dimensions or excessive weight. 

6. Terminal Services. — The transportation, receiving, unpacking, arranging, Terminal 
repacking, and reshipping of the goods exhibited, also the storage and repair of service - 
empty cases, will be at the expense of the exhibitor. 

7. Terminal Charges. — For the purpose of making a complete record of all Terminal 
exhibits admitted to the Exhibition, and to secure efficiency, order, and to dis- c arges - 
patch in their reception and installation, all packages on arrival at the Exhibition 
•enclosure will be received by the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation. They 

will then be unloaded and placed on the space allotted to the exhibitor; and at 
the close of the Exhibition they will, when repacked, be removed from the 
buildings. For this service, which the United States Centennial Commission 
will undertake especially for the accommodation of exhibitors, a terminal charge 
will be made, which will be as follows : — 

On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, one 
dollar. 

On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
cents per one hundred pounds. 

Articles weighing over ten thousand pounds, fragile articles, plate-glass, &c, and Extra charges, 
works of art, may be subject to an additional charge after arrival at the Exhibition, 
to cover the extra cost of handling, if any. There will be no terminal charge 
on exhibits of live stock. 

(See circular VI., dated April 5th, for additional particulars.) 

8. Empty Cases and Rates for Storage. — The charge for removing, storing, Storage of empty 
and returning empty cases and packing material for exhibitors who request it cases an rates ' 
will be as follows : — 

For empty cases of dimensions twenty-seven cubic feet or less, fifty cents. 

For empty cases of dimensions between twenty-seven and seventy-five cubic 
feet, seventy-five cents. 

For empty cases of dimensions over seventy-five cubic feet, per cubic foot, one 
cent. 

For box-boards, strapping, &c. (only received when securely fastened in 
packages) — 

For packages weighing fifty pounds or less, fifty cents. 

For packages weighing between fifty and seventy-five pounds, seventy-five cents. 

For packages weighing over seventy-five pounds, per pound, one cent. 

9. Prepayment of Freight and Charges. — Goods must be free from all charges Payment of 
incident to their transportation, when received at the Exhibition enclosure, and ^ha^ges*^ 
the terminal charge must be prepaid. 



9 2 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Customs 
regulations. 



Neglected 
packages. 



Removal of 



10. Customs Regulations. — The customs regulations issued by the Secretary of 
the Treasury of the United States, permit, after transportation entry has been 
made, the immediate transportation to Philadelphia of goods imported from 
foreign countries. They will be transported by bonded line from the port of 
arrival to Philadelphia, and delivered to the collector of that city, where ware- 
house entry is required in all cases. The customs regulations for these goods 
must be strictly complied with. 

11. Neglected Packages. — If no authorized person is at hand to open and 
arrange the goods in the Exhibition building, they will be removed and stored at 
the cost and risk of whomsoever it may concern. 

12. Removal of Goods. — The Exhibition will close the 10th of November, 
1876. The removal of goods will not be permitted prior to that date, and must 
be completed before the 31st of December, 1876. Goods then remaining will be 
removed by the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of, 
under the direction of the United States Centennial Commission. 

Circular No. 107 is hereby canceled. 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 



A. 



D. TORREY, 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, November 16th, 1875. 



T. GOSHORN, 
Director- GeneraL 



Notes. 



NOTES ON CIRCULAR No. 142. 



Section sixth. 



Section seventh. 



Cost of terminal 
service. 



Cost at London, 
1862, and Paris, 
1867. 



Section Sixth. — The regulations placing upon exhibitors all expenses of 
transporting, handling, unpacking, and repacking their goods, also of carting and 
storing their empty cases and packing material, are but a repetition of regulations 
issued for exhibitions held in London, Paris, and Vienna, and are indisputably 
equitable and proper. 

Section Seventh. — The policy adopted by the Commission in relation to the 
delivery and return of exhibits received, as its importance demanded, long-con- 
tinued and thorough examination before its adoption. The expense of the whole 
service herein referred to has not been published in the reports of previous 
exhibitions, and indeed may not have been known, owing to the manner in which 
the service has been performed by the exhibitors, by commissioners, or by others. 

That the rates charged are not excessive, will be evident from an examination 
of the following data compiled from reports of previous exhibitions and other 
sources. Foreign rates are expressed in American currency — gold, one dollar and 
fifteen cents — and no allowance made for the higher cost of labor in this country. 

In all cases goods have been taken into the Exhibition enclosure by railroad, 
water transport, cartage, or porterage. Freight charges named by agents of 
transportation companies are usually for delivery at the established depots of the 
companies in the city where the exhibition may be held, and if delivery at the 
exhibition is asked, it has been paid for by an additional charge, whether the 
service has been by railroad or cartage. This additional charge was one dollar 
and forty cents per ton at London, in 1862, and one dollar and twenty cents per 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



93 



ton in Paris, in 1867, with like charges for the return service at the close of the Bureau of 

..... Transportation. 

exhibitions. 

The charge for the service of taking foreign goods from the vessel and deliv- Cost of handling 
ering them at the exhibition in London, in 1862, was four dollars and ninety London, 1862! 
cents per ton, equal to nine dollars and eighty cents for receiving and returning 
them, and to which should be added, to complete the statement of the proper 
terminal cost, the expense of placing packages in the building where they were 
to be unpacked, and at the close of the exhibition removing them. 

The rate for removing goods and shipping them from the Vienna Exhibition, Cost at Vienna, 
which sums doubled, to represent the cost of receiving as well as delivering 
goods, give results as follows : — 

For articles or packages weighing — 





From lbs. 

to 1650 lbs. 

per 100. 


From 1650 
lbs. to 3300 
lbs. per 100. 


From 3300 
lbs. to 5500 
lbs. per 100. 


From 5500 
lbs. to 7700 
lbs. per 100. 


Removing, weighing, loading, &c, . . . 


Jo. 060 
.075 


$o. 100 
•075 


$0,150 
• 075 


$0,250 
.075 




Total, 


So. 135 


$0,175 


$0,225 


$0,325 




$0.27 


£0.35 


$0.45 


$0.65 



In the report made to the American Society of Civil Engineers, January 30th, Terminal costs. 
1875, by a committee appointed "to investigate the best means of rapid transit at ew or ' 
and of handling freight in and about the city of New York," it is stated that the 
terminal service of receiving, storing, and shipping the total receipts of domestic 
produce handled at New York, costs, according to the article, from one to ten 
dollars per ton, in a yearly business of nearly five million tons, and that the 
average expense is three dollars and seventy cents per ton. The expense of 
handling imported merchandise shipped through New York is stated by " The 
New York Cheap Transportation Association," in its report, page 35, to be over 
five dollars per ton. 

This information is introduced to call attention to the great cost of terminal 
service which may exist with established trade, under circumstances not particu- 
larly exceptional ; and considered in connection with the published records of 
previous exhibitions above referred to, and with the higher rate of pay for all kinds 
of labor in this country, as compared with Europe, justifies the terminal charge 
on exhibits as within a reasonable rate. 

Section Eighth. — The charge for storing empty packing-cases, including the Section eighth, 
cartage of them to and from the place of storage, has been published as follows : — 

London, 1862. 
For cases not exceeding in greatest dimensions 3 feet $1 40 charges for 

11 « a . << 2 in stor ' n g cases, 

^ ... London, 1862. 

5 " 2 81 

" " " 8 " 5 60 

This scale of prices admits of a charge as high as over five cents per cubic 
foot, in the first instance, over three cents in the next, over two cents in the third, 
and over one cent in the last. The charge for cases larger than provided above 
was a subject for special contract. 



94 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of Vienna, 1873. 

Transportation. 

The scale of rates for storage was in detail, and averaged eight mills per 

Cjhtirfircs for 

storing cases, cubic foot on the full list, being as high as two cents per cubic foot for small 
Vienna, 1873! cases 



Section ninth, 
payment of all 
charges 
necessary. 



Section Ninth. — The requirement of prepayment of freight charges is to 
obviate the necessity of refusing to receive at the Exhibition goods which may 
arrive in the absence of the owner, and permits the exhibitor to so time his 
personal movements as to arrive at the Exhibition after his goods are delivered, 
ready for being unpacked. The positive relief from tedious and expensive 
waiting for them, which would otherwise be experienced by many exhibitors, 
will amply justify the provisions of this regulation. 



Concessions 
in rates. 



CONCESSIONS IN RATES. 

The conditions on which goods for the Exhibition will be transported by most 
of the transportation companies in the United States and Canada, are stated in 
the following copy of their letters announcing them : — 

" This company will transport at regular rates all articles intended for exhi- 
bition at the international Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, as well as all 
other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in connection with the 
Exhibition, and will return unsold articles free. Freight and all charges to be 
prepaid in every case." 



To agents of 

transportation 

companies. 

Manifests. 



Certificates for 
reshipment. 



Instructions 
issued by 
General Freight 
Agent 

Pennsylvania 
Railroad. 



TO AGENTS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES. 

Extracts from Circular No. 144. 

5. Manifests. — Original manifests should be made in duplicate, one copy of 
which must be mailed to the Chief of Bureau of Transportation, United States 
Centennial Commission, Philadelphia, and must show, in addition to the 
information customarily given in them, the siding number given in the address, 
also the amount of terminal charge paid on the shipment, and the precise routes 
by which transported, specifying in detail every road over which the freight is 
shipped from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it may be returned by same 
route as received. If forwarded by water, the line transporting it must be 
named. 

7. Certificate for Reshipments. — At the close of the Exhibition the Chief of 
the Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing 
what articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment 
by the route over which transported to the Exhibition. 

The General Freight Agent of the Pennsylvania Railroad gives the following 
instructions in a circular to agents and connecting lines : — 

" Agents must pay no charges or expenses of any kind on goods for the 
Exhibition, but must in all cases require prepayment of the freight and transfer 
charges through to destination, and, in addition, the terminal expenses to be 
incurred at the Centennial Grounds, as provided for above. 

" Where articles are of different weights in same shipment, the agent must be 
careful to collect the terminal charges on each package. 

" The attention of shippers should be called to the importance of concen- 
trating small articles into packages, in order to avoid the risk of loss or damage 
to small articles not properly boxed. 

" No article will be received unless marked with the tags furnished to the 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 95 

exhibitors by the officers of the Exhibition, and unless the above rules and Bureau of 
regulations are strictly complied with, agents must refuse to receive the goods for Transportation, 
transportation." 

TRANSFER CHARGES AND DRAYAGE. Transfer charges 

and drayage. 

The following extracts are from circulars issued by the companies named : — 

Pennsylvania Railroad. — The charge from West Philadelphia, German- Pennsylvania 
town Junction, North Pennsylvania Railroad Junction, Richmond Junction, 
Kensington, Frankford, Washington or Reed Street Wharves (on the Delaware), 
or from the depots of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, in the city of Phila- 
delphia, at which such freight may be received, will be ten. dollars per car of 
twenty thousand pounds or less, on ordinary freights from such points to the 
Centennial siding, in additional to the terminal charge of the Bureau of Trans- 
portation of the International Exhibition, all of which must be prepaid, as well 
as the freight and charges from the point of shipment. 

Extraordinary freight, weighing two tons or more, requiring the use of a crane 
or extra handling, will be cared for under the direction of the shipper or his 
agent; and any additional expense for such extra handling or transportation must 
be paid by said shipper or agent, in addition to the charges specified above. 

This company is now prepared to receive local shipments from Philadelphia to 
the Centennial Exposition daily, at the depots of the Pennsylvania Railroad, Fif- 
teenth and Market streets and Washington Street Wharf; and the charge from 
these depots to the Centennial siding will be — 

For each package or lot weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, from 
one shipper to one exhibitor, fifty cents. 

For lots weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, and not too large or too 
heavy to be conveniently loaded in box freight cars, from one shipper to one 
exhibitor, twenty cents per one hundred pounds. 

Articles too heavy or bulky to be conveniently loaded in box cars will be sub- 
ject to a special charge, as provided for above. 

The above freight must be prepaid. 

Clyde Line. — Transfer charges from ship to the International Exhibition Clyde Line, 
will be as follows : — 

Single package, weighing five hundred pounds or less, one dollar. 

Packages or articles weighing over five hundred pounds and less than one 
thousand pounds, two dollars. 

Articles or packages not extra heavy or bulky, in lots weighing one thousand 
pounds and upwards, twenty cents per one hundred pounds. 

On shipments aggregating five thousand pounds and over, and made up of 
articles or packages each weighing one thousand pounds or less, ten cents per 
one hundred pounds. 

For heavy freight an extra transfer charge will be made in addition to the 
above, as follows : — 

Two thousand pounds and under three thousand pounds, five dollars. 

Three thousand pounds and under four thousand pounds, seven dollars. 

Four thousand pounds and under five thousand pounds, ten dollars. 

Five thousand pounds and under six thousand pounds, twelve dollars. 

Six thousand pounds and under seven thousand pounds, sixteen dollars. 

Seven thousand pounds and over, thirty cents per one hundred pounds. 



9 6 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Boston and 
Philadelphia 
Steamship 
Company. 



Boston and Philadelphia Steamship Company. — Porterage from steamer 
to Pennsylvania Railroad depot will be as follows — 

For each package or shipment weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, 
twenty-five cents. 

For each package or shipment weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, 
and not too large or heavy to be conveniently handled, ten cents per one hundred 
pounds. 

Transfer from Pennsylvania Railroad Depot to Centennial Sidings. 

For each package weighing two hundred and fifty pounds or less, fifty cents. 

For packages weighing over two hundred and fifty pounds, and not too large 
or too heavy to be conveniently loaded in box freight cars, twenty cents per one 
hundred pounds. 

Articles too heavy or bulky to be loaded in box cars, or requiring the use of a 
crane or extra handling, will be cared for under the direction of the shipper or 
his agent, and any additional expense for such extra handling or transportation 
must be paid by said shipper in addition to charges specified above. 



(VI.) 

United States Centennial Commission- 
Transportation. 



-Bureau of 



Terminal 
charges. 



On ordinary 
goods. 



Local exhibits. 



Hand packages. 



Bulk goods. 



Philadelphia, April 5th, 1876. 
TERMINAL CHARGES. 

All packages, on arrival at the Exhibition enclosure, are received by the Chief 
of the Bureau of Transportation. They are unloaded and placed on the space 
allotted to the exhibitor, and at the close of the Exhibition they will, when 
repacked, be removed from the buildings. For this service a terminal charge 
is made as follows : — 

On each separate ar-ticle or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, 
one dollar. 

On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
cents per one hundred pounds. 

Articles weighing over ten thousand pounds, fragile articles, plate-glass, &c, 
and works of art, may be subject to an additional charge after arrival at the 
Exhibition, to cover the extra cost of handling, if any. 

To relieve local exhibitors of unnecessary expense in packing their exhibits 
and show-cases, the terminal charge on full wagon loads to be delivered at one 
place will be twenty cents per one hundred pounds, irrespective of the size of 
packages, but each package must be tagged and marked with its weight. No 
load taken for less than one dollar. 

Packages brought in hand will be received at No. 4401 Elm avenue, subject 
to a charge of twenty-five or fifty cents, according to size. 

On application to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, he is authorized 
to give special rates of terminal charges on full car loads of bulk goods for 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 97 

delivery at one place. This is intended to cover exhibits of ore, lumber, drain- Bureau of 
pipe, State collections in small parcels, &c. 

Goods and material brought to the grounds by wagon, or otherwise than by Wagon goods, 
railroad, must be reported at the office of the Bureau of Transportation, No. 4401 
Elm avenue, where, after the terminal charge is paid, directions and permit for 
delivery will be issued. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORREY, Director- General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 



(VII.) 

{No. IQ5.] 

United States Centennial Commission. — International circular No.i 95 . 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

notice. 

The following terminal charges specified in Section 7, circular No. 142, viz. : — Canceling 
"On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, terminalcnar g es - 
one dollar; on each separate article or package weighing over five hundred 
pounds, twenty cents per one hundred pounds," will not hereafter be required ; 
and so much of said circular (142), and also of circular No. 144, requiring 
payment of the same by exhibitors, is hereby rescinded. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORREY, Director- General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, April 10th, 1876. 



(VIII.) 

United States Centennial Commission. — Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Philadelphia, June 27th, 1876. 

SPECIAL NOTICE TO EXHIBITORS. 

Terminal charges collected on goods received at the Exhibition will be refunded Refunding 
on and after July 5th, proximo, upon application, with authority to receipt for the terminal charges, 
same, at the office of the receiving cashier, Bureau of Transportation, Centennial 
Grounds, between the hours of ten A. M. and two P. M. 

D. TORREY, 
Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 



9 8 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(IX.) 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

v [No. 144.} 

Circular No. 144. UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. INTERNATIONAL 

Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

TO AGENTS OF TRANSPORTATION COMPANIES. 



To agents of 

transportation 

companies. 

How goods are 
to be marked. 



I. How Marked. — Articles or packages shipped for the International Exhibi- 
tion of 1876, at Philadelphia, must be marked as follows : — 

To the Ditector- General of the United States Centennial Commission, 
International Exhibition of 1S76, at Philadelphia. 



-BUILDING, CLASS 



Arrangements 
for receiving 
goods. 



Freight charges, 



Terminal 
charges. 



Manifests. 



Siding No. 

Location, 

No. of Application, 

Weight, Pounds, 



Exhibitor, - 
Address,--. 



No. of Packages, 



( Serial, 
1 Total,. 



2. Sidings and Platforms. — To facilitate the delivery of packages so marked, 
there have been constructed within the Exhibition grounds several lines of rail- 
way. At convenient points on these lines are located sidings and platforms for 
the delivery of articles to be exhibited in the immediate vicinity. Each siding is 
designated by a number, and the address-label or tag on each article or package 
must give the number of siding at which it is to be delivered. 

3. Prepayment of Freight and Charges. — Goods must be free from all charges 
incident to their transportation when received at the Exhibition enclosure, and 
the terminal charge must be prepaid. 

There will be no terminal charge on exhibits of live stock. 

4. Terminal Charges. — The terminal charge will be as follows : — 

On each separate article or package weighing five hundred pounds or less, one 
dollar. 

On each separate article or package weighing over five hundred pounds, twenty 
cents per hundred pounds. 

5. Manifests. — Original manifests should be made in duplicate, one copy of 
which must be mailed to the Chief of Bureau of Transportation, United States 
Centennial Commission, Philadelphia ; and must show, in addition to the inform- 
ation customarily given in them, the siding number given in the address, also the 
amount of terminal charge collected on the shipment, and the precise routes by 
which transported, specifying in detail every road over which the freight is 
shipped from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it may be returned by the 
same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line transporting it must be 
named. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 99 

6. Bills of Lading. — Bills of lading must show the precise route by which the Bureau of 
articles or packages are to be transported, specifying in detail every road over rans P or a l0n - 
which the freight is shipped from the point of starting to Philadelphia, so that it Bills of lading, 
may be returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line 
transporting it must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading must be 

mailed to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United States Centennial 
Commission, Philadelphia. 

7. Certificate for Reshipments. — At the close of the Exhibition, the Chief of Certificates for 
the Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing res lp 

what articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment 
by the route over which transported to the Exhibition. 

Circular No. 130 is hereby canceled. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORRE Y, Director-General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 
Philadelphia, November 16th, 1875. 



(X.) 
International Exhibition, 1876. — General Order No. 8. General order 

No. 8. 

RECEIPT OF EXHIBITS. 

After Wednesday, June 14th, no goods for exhibition will be admitted to the Final receipt 
Exhibition Grounds except articles for special displays provided for by the Agri- S oods - 
cultural and Horticultural Departments, such as live stock, fruit, vegetables, 
plants, &c. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 

Philadelphia, June 1st, 1876. Director-General. 



(XL) 

{No. 220.) 

United States Centennial Commission. — International circular No.zoo. 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

to exhibitors of live stock. 

1. The Live Stock display at the International Exhibition will be held within Live-stock 
the months of September, October, and November, 1876; the periods devoted to Exhl ltlons - 
each family being as follows : — 

Horses, mules, and asses, from September 1st to 14th. 

Dogs, from September 4th to 8th. 

Horned cattle, from September 21st to October 4th. 

Sheep, swine, and goats, from October 10th to 18th. 

Poultry will be exhibited from October 27th to November 6th. 



IOO 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



2. Shipping Directions — Prepayment of freight and charges. — Live stock must 
be free from all charges incident to its transportation, when received at the Ex- 



Shipping hibition enclosure, and each animal or crate must be marked with an official tag 

directions and 6 

regulations. issued by the Chief of the Bureau of Agriculture. 

3. Arrangement with Transportation Companies. — The exceptional arrange- 
ments made by the United States Centennial Commission with transportation 
companies do not in any way affect the rules of such companies in regard to the 
classification of goods, or the conditions of receiving or transporting the same, 
except in requiring the prepayment of freight. The rates for transporting goods 
for the Exhibition will be obtained from the agents of the transportation compa- 
nies at the place of shipment, and not at Philadelphia. 

Bills of lading. 4- Through bills of lading and advice of shipment made. — Through bills of 

lading should be obtained so that live stock will be sent direct to the Exhibition 
from the place of shipment. They must show the precise route by which the 
animals or crates are to be transported, specifying in detail every road over which 
they are shipped, from point of starting to Philadelphia, so that they may be 
returned by the same route as received. If forwarded by water, the line trans- 
porting them must be named. A duplicate copy of the bill of lading must be 
mailed by the shipper to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, United 
States Centennial Commission, Philadelphia ; and letters of advice should also 
be forwarded, giving information of the shipments made. 

5. Terminal Services. — The transportation, receiving, and reshipping of live 
stock exhibited, also the storage and repair of empty crates, will be at the expense 
of the exhibitor. 

6. Empty Crates and Hates of Storage. — The charge for removing, storing, 
and returning empty crates and packing material for exhibitors who request it 
will be as follows : — 

For empty crates of dimensions 27 cubic feet or less, 50 cents. 
For empty crates of dimensions between 27 and 75 cubic feet, 75 cents. 
For empty crates of dimensions over 75 cubic feet, per cubic foot, 1 cent. 
For box-boards, strappings, &c. (only received when securely fastened in 
packages) — 

For packages weighing 50 pounds or less, 50 cents. 

For packages weighing between 50 and 75 pounds, 75 cents. 

For packages weighing over 75 pounds, per pound, I cent. 

Neglected stock. 7. Neglected Stock. — If no authorized person is at hand to take charge of stock 
in the Exhibition, it will be stalled at the cost and risk of whomsoever it may 
concern. At the close of each serial exhibition, all animals must be removed 
without delay, or they will be placed at board, at the expense of whomsoever it 
may concern. 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these regu- 
lations, whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interests of the Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORRE Y, Director- General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, August 14th, 1876. 



Terminal 
services. 



Storing empty 
cases. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 101 



(XII ) 



,„ r . Transportation. 

(No. 237.) 

United States Centennial Commission. — International Circular ° 237- 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 

TO EXHIBITORS. 

I Removal of Exhibils. — The Exhibition will close the loth of November, Removal of 
1876. The removal of goods will commence November nth, and must be com- 
pleted before the 31st of December, 1876, unless otherwise authorized by the 
Director-General. Goods then remaining without authority will be removed by 
the Director-General and sold for expenses, or otherwise disposed of under the 
direction of the United States Centennial Commission. 

2. Condition of Goods for Removal. — Articles or packages will be removed Conditions for 
from the Exhibition buildings only on the written request of the commissioner, 

or the exhibitor or their authorized agent, to the Chief of the Bureau of Trans- 
portation, on the blanks prepared for that purpose. All packages must be in 
proper condition for shipment, marked with full directions, giving name, address 
of the consignee, the route by which to be shipped, and, when intended for 
exportation, the authorization of the customs authorities for the removal must 
first be obtained. 

3. Free Return Transportation. — Most of the railroad companies in the United Free return 
States having officially announced that they would " transport at regular rates all 

articles intended for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Phila- 
delphia, as well as all other articles forwarded by exhibitors for their own use in 
connection with the Exhibition, and would return unsold articles free," and it 
having been announced that "at the close of the Exhibition the Chief of the 
Bureau of Transportation will issue, when necessary, certificates showing what 
articles are unsold and are to be returned to the place of original shipment by the 
route over which transported to the Exhibition," exhibitors who expect to secure 
free return transportation for their goods must apply for such certificates at the 
office of the Bureau of Transportation, where proper blanks for the purpose will 
be furnished. These certificates will be issued to those exhibitors only who have 
furnished to the Chief of the Bureau of Transportation duplicate bills of lading, 
or like evidence of being entitled to them, as required by section 5 of Circular 
No. 142. 

4. Removal of Small Packages and Unpacked Goods. — Unpacked goods and Small packages 
packages to be transported otherwise than by railroad may be removed by ex- unpac ed S oods - 
hibitors if vouched for by the superintendent of the building in which exhibited, 

and if, when removed from the ground, a permit for so doing is obtained to be 
shown to the gatekeepers. 

The Centennial Commission reserves the right to explain or amend these 
regulations whenever it may be deemed necessary for the interest of the 
Exhibition. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORREY, Director-General. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, October 28th, 1876. 






102 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



(XIII.) 



{No. 139.) 



3 ' 239 ' United States Centennial Commission. — International 
Exhibition, 1876, Philadelphia. — Bureau of Transpor- 
tation. 



Burning of 
empty packing- 
cases. 



Sir : — On the night of August 25th and morning of the 26th, four sheds con- 
taining empty packing-cases belonging to exhibitors were totally destroyed by fire. 
The records show that among these empty cases thus destroyed were some 
belonging to you. This notice is sent to inform you of the event, and that the 
Exhibition authorities are not responsible or liable for the losses or damages 
incurred. 

A. T. GOSHORN, 
D. TORREY, Director- General'. 

Chief of Bureau of Transportation. 

Philadelphia, October 30th, 1876. 



(XIV.) 

United States Centennial Commission. — Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Form of check- 
list for goods by 
railroad. 



CHECK-LIST OF GOODS RECEIVED (BY RAILROAD). 

Philadelphia : 



Country, 

Conveyance, from 

Car No. 

Manifest No. 



Arrived, 1876. 

Unloaded, . 

Siding No. 

Check Cierk. 



NOTE. — Should one car load include goods from more than one country, make the entries for each by themselves. 
NOTE.— Use this blank for only one load of goods, whether arriving by car, cart, or porter. 



Exhibitor. 



Description of 
Goods. 



Depart- 
ment. 



Application. 



Package, 
Nos. 



Weight Receipts for Owners 
weight. . D,-.,,!,. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 

(XV.) 
(Face of the Blank.) 
International Exhibition, Philadelphia, 1876. 

NOTICE TO EXHIBITORS. 



103 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



This manifest must be filled by the exhibitor or agent sending goods by any Form of check- 
conveyance other than railroad, and one copy presented for each load forwarded, ty'^Jaefn S 
at the office of the Receiving Cashier of the Bureau of Transportation, No. 4401 
Elm avenue, when it will be endorsed, admitting the goods to the Exhibition 
ground, with directions as to the exact place of delivery. 



Country, Date, 187b. 

Exhibitor, . _ _ Application No Dep't 


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Over 500 lbs., . . 
Special charges, . 
Additional Charges, 




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104 



Transportation. 

Form of pass for 
goods not subject 
to terminal j^ 

charges. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 
(XVI.) 



THIS PERMIT TO BE TAKEN UP WHEN PRESENTED. 

Building, 
1876. 



and returned by " Terminal " Men. 



Guards — 

Will permit bearer to deliver one load of 



for 

service is rendered. Weight, 



free of terminal charges, unless some 
Chief Bureau of 



Form of pass 
for removing 
goods. 



(XVII.) 

THIS PERMIT TO BE TAKEN UP WHEN PRESENTED. 

Not good after 1 876. 

Guards — ■ 

Will permit bearer to remove packages of goods 

without the Exhibition Grounds. 

No 

Chief Bureau of 



(XVIII.) 

[DUPLICATE.] (No. 231) 

Circular No. 231. INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1 876. — BUREAU OF TrANSPOR- 

Formof TATION. — UNITED STATES CENTENNIAL COMMISSION. 

certificate for 

free return 

transportation. PHILADELPHIA, 1876. 

D. TORREY, Esq., Chief of Bureau of Transportation, 

Dear Sir : — Please issue Return Transportation Certificate for 

(Name of article), 

(Application No.) (No. of packages,) 

(Condition, boxed, in package, &c,) 

Addressed, Name, Station, 

Railroad, State, 

To be shipped via 

I do hereby certify that only the articles named above are included in this ship- 
ment, and that they were shipped to the Exhibition by said.. 

from by the route named for their return; also, that the 

ownership of the above-named goods has not been changed. 



Note.— The above form was filled and signed by the exhibitor, and when verified in the Bureau of Trans- 
portation, was so endorsed by using a stamp, when it was recognized by the railroad agent. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 



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INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation . 



Official notice to 
remove goods. 



(XX.) 
1776. — International Exhibition, Philadelphia. — 1876. 

Centennial Board of Finance, No. 903 Walnut Street, 
Philadelphia, December 16th, 1876. 

To the Exhibitors of the Centennial Exhibition: 

At a meeting of the directors of the Centennial Board of Finance, the following 
resolution was adopted: — 

Resolved, That notice be given to all exhibitors that their exhibits and other 
property must be removed from the Exhibition buildings on or before January 
1st, 1877, and that the obligations of the United States Centennial Commission 
and Centennial Board of Finance, in relation to said exhibits and property, will 
cease on and after said date. 

In pursuance of this resolution, you are herehy notified of this requirement, 
and are respectfully desired to comply with its instructions. 

Respectfully, &c, 

JOHN WELSH, 
Frederick Fraley, President. 

Secretary. 



Regulation for 
the issue of 
Centennial 
excursion 
tickets. 



(XXI.) 

Report Governing the Issue of Centennial Excursion 
Tickets, published by the General Passenger and 
Ticket Agents' Association, February 9TH, 1876. 

1. Round-trip tickets to New York, good for thirty days, going and returning 
by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, 
Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory east of Omaha, 
and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at a reduction of not more than 
twenty-five per cent, from convention rates. 

2. Round-trip tickets to Philadelphia, good for thirty days, going and 
returning by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, 
Crestline, Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory east of 
Omaha, and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at one dollar less than 
the round-trip rates to New York. 

3. Round-trip tickets to Philadelphia via New York, good for thirty days, 
going and returning by the same route, may be sold from Detroit, Toledo, Cleve- 
land, Crestline, Columbus, Cincinnati, and points west thereof, in the territory 
east of Omaha, and at competitive points south of the Ohio river, at one dollar 
more than the round-trip rates to New York. 

4. From the territory east of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, Columbus, 
and Cincinnati, the basis of reduced rates and the limit for round-trip tickets 
shall be fixed by the trunk lines and connections, and from competitive points 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 107 

between the trunk lines in said territory the rates to Philadelphia via New York Bureau of 
shall be two dollars more than the rates to Philadelphia by the direct or short rans P or a 10n# 
line. 

5. That all terminal lines be requested to issue excursion or tourists' tickets 
from Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington to western and 
southern points and return, at same rates and under same restrictions as govern 
east-bound excursion business. 

6. That all rail lines make a reduction of not less than twenty-five per cent, 
upon convention rates for round-trip tickets, — such tickets to be good for 
passage not more than thirty days from date of issue. 

7. That in addition to round-trip tickets going and returning by same route, 
tickets be issued by one route to return by another route, at such points as will 
best serve the convenience of visitors to the Exhibition. 

8. Considering the wide extent of territory traversed by American railways, 
much of it is but thinly populated, the moderate rate already established by 
schedule, and the liberal reductions now extended especially for the benefit of 
visitors to the Exhibition, that the rates hereby established be uniformly required 
from individual passengers or from considerable bodies of visitors traveling 
together, whether organized or not. 

9. That tickets with a tinted face, the subject-matter of which shall be uniform 
by all lines outside of trunk lines, and in accordance with the form of tickets 
submitted herewith, and that the date of issue be made to appear plainly, in ink, 
on the face of each contract, in addition to the stamp on the back; such lines as 
deem it necessary to provide for the signature of the purchaser. 

10. That if any road shall make any less rates than those established and 
agreed upon for this Centennial business, all lines represented in this Association 
shall refuse to accept the tickets of any such road. 

11. That the regular excursion tickets be placed on sale not earlier than 
May 1st, and be continued until the thirty-first day of October. 

12. That it is the sense of this Association that no line can issue excursion 
tickets unless they participate in the reduction upon the basis established. 

13. That the basis of rate/ for round-trip tickets, going by one route and 
returning by another, shall be at similar reductions as is made on tickets going 
and returning by the same route. 

These resolutions were amended March 18th, 1876, by circular, as follows : — 

"All lines in the territory west of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, Amendments. 
Columbus, Cincinnati (including tickets from these points), and south of the 
Ohio river, to print their Centennial excursion tickets to Philadelphia and New 
York, so that they will be valid for passage sixty (60) days from date of sale; 
also, that half Centennial excursion tickets be sold at one-half of the agreed 
excursion rates, for use by children between the ages of five and twelve years." 

And supplemented, at a meeting held in New York, March 8th, 1876, by a Supplement, 
decision, "that from the territory east of Detroit, Toledo, Cleveland, Crestline, 
Columbus, and Cincinnati, and west or north of (including) Binghamton, Elmira, 
Corry, Pittsburg, Wheeling, and Parkersburg, excursion tickets to Philadelphia 
and New York be made good for thirty days from date of issue; that a reduction 



io8 



INTERNA TIONAL ' EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Final 
supplement. 



be made of not more than twenty-five per cent, from convention rates to Phila- 
delphia, for round-trip tickets, via direct routes; that the rates on tickets to 
Philadelphia, via New York, returning by the same route, be two dollars more 
than the rates to Philadelphia by the direct or short line ; and that the rates on 
tickets to Philadelphia, via New York, and returning via a direct pr short line, 
and vice versa, shall be one dollar more than the rates by a direct or short line to 
Philadelphia." 

And further supplemented, at a meeting held in New York, Septembei 9th, 
1876, when it was determined that from September 15th the rates for round-trip 
Centennial tickets be reduced to the sum of the present cut rates, both ways, 
maintaining the established discrepancy between tickets to Philadelphia direct 
and those via New York ; that all such tickets be stamped void after November 
30th ; that lines west and south-west of St. Louis and Chicago shall make a re- 
duction of 35 per cent, from regular rates ; and that lines south of the Ohio river 
make a reduction of 25 per cent, from such rates as previously determined. 



(XXII.) 



First Treasury 
regulations to 
govern the 
importation of 
exhibits. 



Act of Congress, 



Form of entry. 



Regulations Governing the Free Importation of Goods 
for the International Exhibition of 1876, at Phila- 
delphia. 

Treasury Department, 
Washington, D. C, October 3d, 1874. 

An act of Congress approved June 1 8th, 1874, entitled "An act to admit free 
of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," provides as 
follows : — 

"Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States 
of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for 
the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition to be held in the 
city of Philadelphia in the year 1876, shall be admitted without the payment of 
duty or of customs fees or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of 
the Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such articles as shall be sold in 
the United States or withdrawn for consumption therein at any time after such 
importation shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the 
revenue laws in force at the date of importation : And provided fitrther, That in 
case any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall be withdrawn for 
consumption, or shall be sold without payment of duty as required by law, all the 
penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced against 
such articles and against the person who may be guilty of such withdrawal or 
sale." f 

In pursuance of the provisions of this act the following regulations are 
prescribed : — 

First. — No duty or customs fees or charges being required on any such impor- 
tations, a new form of entry is prescribed, which will be employed in all cases a 
the port where such goods are received. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 109 

Second, — The ports of New York, Boston, Portland, Me., Burlington, Vt., Bureau of 
Suspension Bridge, N. Y., Detroit, Port Huron, Mich., Chicago, Philadelphia, rans P or 
Baltimore, Norfolk, New Orleans, and San Francisco, will alone constitute ports Ports of entry, 
of entry at which importations for said Exhibition will be made free of duty. 

Third. — All articles designed for such Exhibition must be forwarded, accom- Invoices, 
panied by an invoice or schedule of the numbers, character, and commercial 
value of each shipment, which statement shall be attested before a consul of the 
United States, Or a civil magistrate of the country in which they are produced or 
from which they are shipped to the United States. Such verified bill of contents 
and values will be transmitted in triplicate, one copy to the collector of customs 
at the port where it is desired to make entry, which will be retained for the files 
of his office ; one copy to some duly authorized agent, either of the owners, or of 
the foreign commission of the country from which shipment was made, which 
agent must in all cases be recognized by the Director-General of the Exhibition 
who will, by virtue of that authority, verify the goods and make entry ; and one 
copy to the collector at the port of Philadelphia ; and all packages and enclo- 
sures containing goods destined for such Exhibition must be plainly and conspicu- 
ously marked with the words, "For the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
Philadelphia." 

Fourth. — All goods arriving so marked and represented, either at the time of Immediate 
arrival or at any time while remaining in the custody of the collector of customs 
at the port of arrival on general order, will, when entered at the port of arrival, 
be delivered without examination to such recognized agent or agents, to be by 
him or them forwarded from the port of arrival by bonded line of transportation 
to Philadelphia, there to be delivered to the custody of the collector of that 
port. 

Fifth. — Entry for warehouse will be made for all such transported packages Warehouse 
on arrival at the said port of Philadelphia, and original entry for warehouse will 
be made of all goods directed by first shipment to Philadelphia. Warehouse entry 
having been made, the packages will be held in the custody of the said collector 
until the Exhibition building, or some building erected by and in the custody of 
the officers controlling the said Exhibition, and suitable for secure custody as a 
warehouse under the authority of the United States, is ready to receive them. 

Sixth. — Separate and complete records of all packages so transmitted and Records, 
received by the collector at Philadelphia will be made by the storekeeper at the 
port of Philadelphia in a book prepared for the purpose, in which will be entered, 
so far as known, the owner's name, the agent's name representing the articles, the 
country from which shipped, the date of such shipment, the name of the import- 
ing vessel, and the date of arrival, the general description and value of the goods, 
and the specific marks and numbers of the packages. Such record will also be 
kept in duplicate by a special inspector of customs who, under the direction of 
the Secretary of the Treasury, shall be appointed to identify, forward, and care 
for packages so properly marked, and intended in good faith for the Exhibition, 
but which may not be properly represented by an owner or agent. 

Seventh. — When the said Exhibition building, or a warehouse suitable for Permits to place 
secure custody of articles intended for the Exhibition, duly authorized for re- Exhibition, 
ceiving bonded goods, shall be ready to receive articles then in the custody of 



no 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Irregular 

importations. 



Charges on 
goods. 



No fees. 



Withdrawal of 
goods for sale. 



Duties. 



the collector of the port of Philadelphia, descriptive permits, in duplicate, shall 
be issued by the said collector to the storekeeper of the port, directing the 
delivery of packages as required by the owner or agent, or by the officers of said 
Exhibition, — one copy of which permits shall be preserved by the said store- 
keeper, the second copy to be delivered with the goods to a proper officer of the 
customs stationed at the said Exhibition building or warehouse, to be there kept 
as a record of goods entered for such Exhibition in addition to the duplicate 
required to be kept in a book of proper forms as before referred to. And all 
packages shall be opened in presence of an officer of the customs, who shall 
verify the contents from and upon such descriptive list, correcting and completing 
it as the facts may require. 

Eighth. — In case of receipt by the collector at Philadelphia of packages 
imperfectly described or verified, or in regard to which information may be 
received questioning the good faith of the persons forwarding the same, the said 
collector may direct an examination, in proper form, for the purpose of deter- 
mining the question, and if, on conference with the Director-General, the goods 
are found to have been forwarded not in good faith for said Exhibition, they will 
be charged with duty according to their value and classification, and held by the 
said collector, subject to appeal to the Secretary of the Treasury, to await proper 
claim and payment of duty by their owners. 

Ninth. — All charges for transportation, drayage, and freight, accruing on 
goods arriving for said Exhibition, will be required to be paid by the owner or 
agent at the time of their delivery into the custody of the collector of customs 
at Philadelphia, or if on packages of small bulk or weight, not accompanied by 
the owner or agent, or consigned to a foreign commissioner, and not exceeding 
five dollars in amount, will be charged against the goods as so delivered into 
the custody of the collector at Philadelphia, to be paid with other charges sub- 
sequently accruing before the permit is issued for their delivery to the Exhibition 
building ; and on all packages exceeding fifty pounds in weight, half storage, 
as provided by regulation for the storage of ordinary merchandise in the public 
warehouse at the port of Philadelphia, will be charged against the goods received 
and stored therein from the time of receipt to the time of delivery to the Exhi- 
bition building. No fees for entry, permit, or other official act, and no duties 
will be charged upon or against such packages until after their withdrawal from 
such Exhibition, for sale, at its close, or during its continuance. 

Tenth. — All articles received and entered at such Exhibition in the manner 
hereinbefore provided may, at any time consistently with the regulations con- 
trolling said Exhibition, be withdrawn for sale or delivery to other parties than 
the owner or agent concerned in their importation, on payment of the duties 
properly accruing on said goods according to the laws in force at the time of the 
importation thereof; and for the purpose of assessment and determination of 
such duties, and for proper identification of the articles, an officer of the 
appraiser's department of the port of Philadelphia shall be detailed to make 
due examination of the articles so withdrawn or sold, verifying them by the 
record of their introduction, and charging upon a proper form, to be prepared 
for such purpose, the said rate and amount of duty ; and on payment of the 
duty so charged, but without fee or other expenses, the owner or agent shall 
receive a permit for their removal from the Exhibition. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. Ill 

Eleventh. — Articles designed to be returned to the foreign country from Bureau of 
which the same were imported, or to be removed from the United States, will, 
at the close of the Exhibition, or at such time as shall be directed by the officers Export entries. 
of such Exhibition, be verified by the customs officer in charge at the Exhibition, 
re-enclosed, duly marked, and forwarded, under permit of the collector at 
Philadelphia, to any other port for export, or may be directly exported from 
Philadelphia. Export entries for such use will be prepared, corresponding to 
the import entries under which the goods were originally received. 

Twelfth. — A special inspector of customs will, under the direction of the 
Secretary of the Treasury, report at intervals to the collectors of the ports of 
Philadelphia and of New York, or of such other ports as he may be directed to 
visit, for the purpose of applying the regulations herein provided. 

(Signed) B. H. BRISTOW, 

Secretary. 



(XXIII.) 
The Free Importation of Goods for the International second Treasury 

-,-, „ , -p. regulations to 

Exhibition of 1870, at Philadelphia. govern the 

importation of 
exhibits. 

Treasury Department, November 1st, 1875. 

An act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, entitled " An act to admit free 
of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," provides as 
follows : — 

" Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States Act of Congress. 
of America in Congress assembled, That all articles which shall be imported for 
the sole purpose of exhibition at the International Exhibition, to be held in the 
city of Philadelphia, in the year 1876, shall be admitted without the payment of 
duty or of customs fees or charges, under such regulations as the Secretary of the 
Treasury shall prescribe : Provided, That all such articles shall be sold in the 
United States or withdrawn for consumption therein, at any time after such 
importation, shall be subject to the duties, if any, imposed on like articles by the 
revenue laws in force at the date of importation: And provided further, That in 
case any articles imported under the provisions of this act shall be withdrawn 
for consumption, or shall be sold without payment of duty as required by law, 
all the penalties prescribed by the revenue laws shall be applied and enforced 
against such articles and against the person who may be guilty of such with- 
drawal or sale." 

In pursuance of the provisions of this act the following regulations are 
prescribed : — 

1. No duty, fees, or charges for customs service will be exacted on any No duty or fees, 
such importations, except in case of entry, as provided by Article XIV. of these 
regulations. 

2. The ports of Portland, Me., Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Ports of entry. 
New Orleans, and San Francisco, on the seaboard, and St. Alban's, Rouse's 



112 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Invoices. 



Immediate 
transportation 
entry and 
permit. 



Manifest. 



Point, Suspension Bridge, Buffalo, Detroit, Port Huron, and Chicago, as ports 
on the northern frontier, will constitute the only ports of entry at which such 
importations may be made. 

3. Goods destined for such Exhibition imported through the above-named 
frontier ports may be forwarded in the same manner as now allowed by law and 
regulations for other importations. 

4. Invoices showing the marks, numbers, character, quantity, and foreign 
market value of articles intended for such Exhibition shall be authenticated by 
the hand and official seal of the commissioner of the International Exhibition 
appointed by the government of the country from which such articles are 
imported, and shall be made in triplicate and forwarded, — one copy to the collec- 
tor of customs for the port at which it is intended such articles shall enter the 
United States, one copy to the collector of customs for the port of Philadelphia, 
and one copy to the consignee or agent of the shipper. In case it shall be im- 
practicable to obtain the authentication of a commissioner under official seal, verifi- 
cation by a consular officer of the United States may be accepted instead. (Page 
126.) 

5. All packages containing such articles must be conspicuously addressed to 
the "Director-General of the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia." 

6. Upon the arrival at any of the above-named ports, except New Orleans and 
San Francisco, of packages so marked and containing articles intended for such 
Exhibition, duplicate entry thereof, in form to be prescribed, may be made by the 
consignee or agent thereof, for immediate transportation to Philadelphia, by a duly 
authorized bonded route, but transportation bond will not be required. 

7. The entry having been compared with the invoice received from the com- 
missioner, found correct, and numbered and registered in a book provided for 
that purpose, the collector will issue a special permit for the transfer of such 
packages from the importing vessel to the cars for transportation, care being taken 
to fully identify the packages by the marks and numbers as described in the bill 
of lading, entry, and invoice, and will transmit the entry to the surveyor with 
proper directions for shipment. 

8. Such transfer must be made by bonded cart or truck, and the packages 
must be accompanied by a customs officer detailed for that purpose, from the time 
they are removed from the importing vessel until they are placed upon the cars 
for transportation, and such officer will be required to superintend the lading and 
secure the cars by customs lock and seal. 

9. Triplicate manifests for each car so laden, showing the marks, numbers, 
&c. of such packages as described in the entry, will be prepared and signed 
by the proper agent of the railroad company by whom such articles are to be 
transported. Each of said manifests will be certified as correct by the shipping 
inspector, who will deliver one manifest to the conductor or agent of the railroad 
company, and return the other two with the entry, also certified by him, to the 
collector. (Page 130.) 

10. The entry having been duly registered and certified, as hereinbefore re- 
quired, the collector will transmit the same by mail, with the invoice, bill of 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 113 

lading, and manifest, to the collector of customs at Philadelphia, the duplicate Bureau of 
manifest to be retained on the files of the custom-house at the port of entry. 

At ports where there is a naval office the entries for transportation will be 
made in triplicate — one copy for the files of that office, one for the collector's 
office, and one for transmittal, as above required, to Philadelphia. 

11. Upon the arrival of the cars containing such articles at the Exhibition Unloading cars, 
buildings at Philadelphia, the conductor or agent of the railroad company will 

report such arrival by the presentation of the manifest to the customs officer 
designated to receive such manifests, who shall compare the same with the copy 
received by mail, and superintend the opening of the cars, taking care to identify 
the packages by marks and numbers as described in the manifests. In case of 
the non-receipt of the manifests, the unlading of the cars shall not, for that 
reason, be delayed, but the invoice will be used to identify the packages. 

12. Immediate notice of such arrival of the goods shall be given by the Warehouse 
collector of customs at Philadelphia to the collector of the port from which such entr y- 
articles were shipped, and such notice will be numbered to correspond with the 

entry, and the date of its receipt recorded in the register of entries prescribed to 
be kept at ports where entries for transportation are made. The packages will be 
retained in the custody of the customs officers at the Exhibition building, unopened, 
until special entry for warehouse, in form to be prescribed, is made by the owner, 
consignee, or agent authorized to make entry, but no warehousing bond will be 
required. (Page 127.) 

13. Upon the completion of the special warehouse entry the packages will be Appraisal of 
opened and due examination and appraisement of the contents, with proper ex l ' s ' 
allowance for damage sustained on the voyage of importation, if any, will be 

made by the appraiser at the Exhibition buildings, which shall, for that purpose, 
be regarded as a public store. The appraiser will be furnished with the invoice 
of the articles to be appraised, and will endorse his report of appraisement and 
his allowance for damage, if any, upon such invoice in like manner as if such 
articles were regularly entered for consumption or warehouse. No allowance 
for damage, however, exceeding fifty per cent., will be made without the approval 
of the department. The entry will then be liquidated, the full amount of duties 
ascertained, and the whole transaction entered upon a record to be provided for 
that purpose. 

14. The articles may then be placed in the position provided for their exhi- Custody of 
bition, but will remain under the custody and control of the customs officers, and cus oms 
will not be removed from the place assigned without a permit from the collector 

of customs or the officer who may be designated to grant such permit. In no 
case will such articles be removed from the Exhibition building, or released from 
the custody of the customs officers, unless the same shall have been regularly 
entered at the custom-house in Philadelphia for consumption, warehouse, or 
export. 

15. In case of exportation of such articles, existing regulations requiring 
exports to be made in original packages will be waived. 

16. Entry of articles designed for such Exhibition arriving at the ports of San Ports of San 
Francisco or New Orleans must be made in the manner now prescribed by law N< ] w o r ieans 
and regulations on the importation of dutiable merchandise, either for warehouse 






114 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Port of 
Philadelphia. 



and immediate transportation in bond, or for immediate transportation without 
appraisement. Upon the arrival of such articles at Philadelphia they will be 
received into the custody of customs officers (whose certificate to that effect, in 
the form to be prescribed, shall be sufficient to cancel the transportation bond), 
and thereupon special entry for warehouse without bond may be made as provided 
by these regulations. 

17. When such articles arrive at Philadelphia by vessel direct from a foreign 
country, the entry for transportation will not be required, but a special entry for 
warehouse, in the manner hereinbefore provided, may be made, whereupon a 
special permit will be issued for the transfer of the articles from the importing 
vessel to the cars for transportation from the vessel direct to the Exhibition build- 
ings; and the same proceedings as to identification of the articles, their transfer 
from the vessel to the cars, the preparation of manifests, and the careful and 
continuous supervision by a customs officer over the whole transaction, will be 
required as at other ports. (Pages 127 and 128.) 

18. Upon the arrival of such cars at the Exhibition building, after special 
warehouse entry of the packages is made, they will be opened and the contents 
of the packages examined and appraised as hereinbefore provided. 

19. The special forms of entries, permits, manifests, and records to be used 
under these regulations will be prepared and furnished by the Treasury De- 
partment. 

20. Collectors of customs will report to the Secretary of the Treasury any case 
relating to an importation for such Exhibition in which they may regard these 
regulations as insufficient to secure the interests of the revenue, and special 
instructions will be given for their guidance in such case. 

21. The regulations heretofore issued under date of October 3d, 1874, and 
May 18th, 1875, are hereby superseded and annulled : Provided, however, That 
no rights or interests heretofore acquired thereunder shall be affected to the 
injury of the parties concerned. 

B. H. BRISTOW, 

Secretary. 
Collectors of Customs and Others. 



(XXIV. 



Decision of 
Secretary of the 
Treasury. 



Double duties 
not exacted. 



Treasury Department, November 22d, 1875. 



1. No duties will be levied on watches or scientific instruments already 
taxed, which shall be withdrawn for exhibition from the depots, in the United 
States, of Swiss manufacture; nor will the customs officers generally assume 
charge of any goods not imported for exhibition. Such taxed goods will be 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 115 

admitted to the Exposition under the rules of the Centennial Commission, which Bureau of 
rules this department does not control. Double duties will not be exacted, 
whether goods shall be sold or returned to " their respective depots in the United Duties paid not 
States," neither will duties already paid on importations be refunded on their re un e • 
exportation to a foreign country. 

2. In the event of the loss by theft of articles which have been entered for Articles stolen, 
exhibition, the importer or owner will be responsible, primarily, for the duties 

thereon ; but on a proper representation of the facts in writing to this department, 
payment of the duties will be waived, if the circumstances appear to justify such 
action. Should collectors of customs consider the regulations already established 
insufficient to protect the revenue which may accrue on small and valuable 
articles, they are required by Article XX. of said regulations to report the case 
to this department for special instructions. 

3. Invoices of articles intended for exhibition will be authenticated by the 
Swiss commissioner, or by a consular officer of the United States, in the manner 
provided for in Article IV. of the circular of this department of the 1st instant, a 
copy of which, containing the regulations above referred to, is enclosed herewith. 

4. The deterioration of perishable goods, and the consumption of articles as Perishable 
samples during the Exhibition, will be made the subject of special consideration famcles 
by this department, with a view to the relief of the owner from the payment of 

duties, on the receipt of a report from the collector of customs at Philadelphia 
establishing the facts. 

5. Show-cases will be admitted free, as accessories to the Exhibition; but if Show-cases. 
sold, will become subject to duty. 

6. If a difference be found to exist in the quantity of goods entered at the Duties only on 
custom-house and that eventually exported or withdrawn at the close of the fonsumed? 3 V 
Exposition, action will be taken as mentioned in the paragraphs of this letter 
numbered 3 and 5. It is not contemplated that duties shall be levied, except on 

goods which have actually entered into consumption in this country ; and the 
Treasury Department will take pleasure in relieving exhibitors of all burdens not 
indispensable to the protection of the revenue. 
* * * * ******* 

B. H. BRISTOW, 

Secretary of the Treasury. 



(XXV.) 
Centennial Exhibition. 

Treasury Department, December 1st, 1875. 

Sir : — The question having been presented for the decision of this department Foreign 
by A. T. Goshorn, Esq., Director-General of the International Exhibition of 1876, fXbTwrT' 3 aS 
as to how far foreign governments acting as exhibitors at the Exhibition will be 



u6 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



expected to conform to the customs regulations respecting invoices and entry of 
articles to be exhibited by them, I have the honor to request you to inform him 
that in case the articles intended for exhibition are government property, used 
solely for government purposes and not intended for sale in this country, they 
will be admitted to entry upon a certificate to that effect by the commissioner for 
the International Exhibition of the government to which such property belongs, 
and the usual oaths will be waived. 

Articles owned and exhibited by foreign governments, not embraced in the 
above description, will be subject to the rules prescribed for similar importations 
by private individuals. 

I have the honor to remain, sir, your obedient servant, 

CHARLES F. CONANT, 
Hon. Z. Chandler, Acting Secretary. 

Secretary of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 



(XXVI.) 
Damage Appraisements. 



Appraisal of 
damaged goods. 



When exhibitors have completed the opening of their packages, the com- 
missioners from the country to which they belong are requested to cause to be 
made out, without delay, a list of the articles broken or claimed to have been 
otherwise damaged during the voyage of importation, and file the same in the 
office of the appraiser of customs, who will detail a board of examiners to 
determine the extent of the damage sustained. Said list must set forth, in 
separate and distinct terms, name of the exhibitor, marks and numbers of the 
case, name of the article damaged, and the country to which the exhibitor 
belongs. Blank forms for this purpose will be supplied upon application at the 
appraiser's office. 

E. B. MOORE, 
April, 1876. U. S. Appraiser. 



Allowance for 
damage or 
depreciation of 
goods. 



Under date of September 7th, 1876, when asked if a reduction of duties would 
be allowed at the close of the Exhibition on articles exhibited therein that have 
been injured by exposure or soiled by handling, and thus depreciated in value, 
the Assistant Secretary of the Treasury replied, that by law (Section 2984, R. S.) 
which applies to goods in the Exhibition buildings, "Allowance for damage or 
depreciation shall be made on goods deposited in bonded warehouse or public 
store only when occasioned by accidental fire or other casualty." And that the 
power of granting such relief was vested exclusively in the Secretary of the 
Treasury. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 117 

(XXVII.) Bureau of 

1 ransportation. 

Special Regulations for the Disposition of Foreign 
Goods during and at the close of the International 
Exhibition. 

1876. Treasury Department, 

Department No. 72. 

Secretary's Office. WASHINGTON, D. C, June 1st, 1 876. 

The following regulations concerning the disposition of foreign goods im- Treasury 

ported for the International Exhibition, prescribed under and by virtue of the the^fsposuion of 

powers vested in the Secretary of the Treasury by the act of Tune 1 8th, 1874, are foreign goods at 
v / „ , J the Exhibition, 

published for the guidance of all concerned : — ■ 

1 . Each foreign exhibitor will be required to prepare a complete list or List of goods, 
schedule of all his exhibits as soon as possible after the same are placed in 

position, giving a specific description of each article, and the value thereof 
Such list or schedule will be filed with the customs officer in charge at the Cen- 
tennial buildings. 

Upon the receipt of such schedule, a careful verification of the same will be Appraisal, 
made by comparison with the goods on exhibition, and all goods reported by the 
exhibitor as intended for sale will be examined, appraised, and the value thereof 
reported by the appraiser. 

All duplicate articles, and other goods, wares, and merchandise found in Entry of goods 
possession of foreign exhibitors, not placed in position for exhibition, must be n0 
immediately entered for consumption or warehouse in the same manner as re- 
quired for ordinary importations. Such goods must be repacked in the presence 
of a customs officer, in the manner hereinafter described, and either securely 
fastened with customs seals or removed from the Exhibition buildings without 
unnecessary delay. In case of failure to make due entry of surplus articles, as 
above required, such articles will be taken possession of by the collector, and 
sent to the public store as unclaimed goods. 

2. Exhibitors desiring to make sales with immediate delivery during the Sales entry and 
Exhibition, are required, as a preliminary to the exercise of such privilege, to pay P ermit - 

or secure duty on all articles offered for sale, and to make proper entry thereof. 
Such entry may be, at the option of the exhibitor, either for consumption or ware- 
house. If for consumption, the duties will be duly ascertained and paid at the 
time of entry, and a permit issued for the delivery of the goods embraced in such 
entry. If for warehouse, the usual bond, with sufficient sureties, must be given, 
and duties will then be payable on a withdrawal entry, at which time the permit 
for delivery will be issued. (Page 132.) 

All articles intended for sale and entered for warehouse, must be kept under 
customs seals until withdrawn for payment of duties, and no goods will, under 
any circumstances, be delivered to purchasers until after the proper permit shall 
have been issued. 

Goods on which duties shall have been paid, and which, at the close of the Exportation of 
Exhibition, remain unsold, may be withdrawn for exportation with benefit of S°°ds. 
drawback in the usual manner. 

3. At the close of the Exhibition, all goods intended to be returned to foreign Packing goods 
countries must be packed under the supervision of customs officers, who will or expor 






I 13 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of carefully check off from the schedule referred to in section I all articles so packed, 
Transportation. and wju cord and sea j the package when dosed 

Transportation A special entry for transportation and export, in form to be prescribed by the 

and export entry. (j e p ar t m ent, will be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the commissioner 
representing the country from which the goods were imported, in which entry the 
packages will be described by marks, numbers, contents, and values, and a permit 
for exportation will be issued by the collector and countersigned by the naval 
officer. The packages will then be laden upon the cars for transportation to the 
exporting vessel, under the supervision of the customs officers, who will see that 
Manifests. each car is securely fastened with customs locks or seals. Triplicate manifests 

for each car so laden, describing the packages by marks and numbers, will 
be prepared and signed by the proper agent of the railroad company, — one of 
which will be forwarded by mail to the collector or other customs officer at the 
port or destination of the car, one will be sent with the car, and the third will be 
returned to the custom-house by the shipping officer, with his report of lading. 



Transferring 
goods from 
cars to vessels. 



Special entry 
not applicable. 



Entry for goods 
sold. 



4. Upon arrival of the cars at the place for shipment on board the exporting 
vessel, the locks or seals will be broken and the packages carefully compared 
and checked out from the manifest by a customs officer. If the car appears to 
have been tampered with, or any package is missing, the entire car-load will be 
detained and the case reported to the collector for investigation. 

Should it be necessary to transfer the packages from the cars to vessels by 
carts or drays, bonded carts must be employed, the customary dray receipts used, 
and the packages kept under the continuous supervision of customs officers from 
the time the same are unladen from the cars until they are placed upon the 
export vessel. 

5. The exportation of Exhibition goods in the manner above described will 
not be allowed at ports other than those of Philadelphia, New York, and Balti- 
more, and, as no export bond is required, such exportations must be only in 
steamships of regular lines, unless otherwise specially directed by the Secretary 
of the Treasury. 

If goods are exported from the Exhibition buildings through any other ports 
than those above named, or in vessels other than those of regular lines, the usual 
entry for transportation and exportation must be made, and bond given as re- 
quired for ordinary exports. 

The exportation of Canadian exhibits will be governed by special instructions 
to be hereafter promulgated. (Page 121.) 

6. Entry for consumption of articles sold, for delivery at close of Exhibition, 
may be made by exhibitors upon blank forms to be furnished by the department 
for that purpose, and the articles so entered shall be checked off from the lists or 
schedules hereinbefore referred to. 



7. Goods not exported at the close of the Exhibition may be repacked in the 
manner herein prescribed and entered for consumption or warehouse, at the 
option of the owner. 

B. H. BRISTOW, 

Secretary. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. II9 

(XXVIII.) Bureau of 

Transportation. 

Notice to Exhibitors of Foreign Goods. 

Custom House, Centennial Buildings, 
Surveyor's Office, June 20th, 1876. 

The regulations of the Treasury Department, under date of June 1st, require Notice calling for 
that " each foreign exhibitor will be required to prepare a complete list or 
schedule of all his exhibits as soon as possible after the same are placed in 
position, giving a specific description of each article, and the value thereof; 
such list or schedule will be filed with the customs officer in charge at the 
Centennial buildings." 

By direction of the collector of customs, notice is hereby given to the ex- 
hibitors of foreign goods, that such list or schedule must be made up and placed 
in the hands of the surveyor of customs on or before the 30th of June inst. 
Any dutiable articles found in said Centennial buildings after that date, which 
have not been properly scheduled and reported, will be taken in charge by the 

customs officers. 

By order of the collector. 

E. O. GOODRICH, 

Surveyor of Customs. 



(XXIX.) 

Special Regulations to govern the sale of Foreign 
Goods and the Collection of Duties thereon at the 
International Exhibition in Philadelphia. 
1876. 

Department No. 88. TREASURY DEPARTMENT, July 2ISt, 1876. 

Secretary's Office. 

A joint resolution of Congress approved July 20th, 1876, entitled "Joint Treasury 
resolution to amend the act approved June 18th, 1874, relating to the admission ^g" 13 "™ 5 to 
of articles intended for the International Exhibition of 1876," reads as follows: — of goods. 

"Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Slates of Joint resolution 
America in Congress assembled, That the act approved June 18th, 1874, entitled of Congress. 
'An act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition 
of 1876,' be and the same is hereby so amended as to permit the sale and 
delivery, during the Exhibition, of goods, wares,' and merchandise heretofore 
imported and now in the Exhibition buildings, subject to such additional regu- 
lations for the security of the revenue and the collection of duties thereon as the 
Secretary of the Treasury may, in his discretion, prescribe. 

" Section 2. That the entire stock of each exhibitor, consisting of goods 
wares, and merchandise imported by him and now in said buildings, is hereby 
declared liable for the payment of duties accruing on any portion thereof, in case 
of the removal of such portion from said buildings without payment of the 
lawful duties thereon. 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of " Section 3. That the penalties prescribed by and the provisions contained in 

Transportation. Section 3082 of the Revised Statutes shall be deemed and held to apply in the 
case of any goods, wares, or merchandise now in said buildings, sold, delivered, 
or removed without payment of duties, in the same manner as if such goods, 
wares, or merchandise had been imported contrary to law ; and the article or 
articles so sold, delivered, or removed shall be deemed and held to have been so- 
imported with the knowledge of the parties respectively concerned in such sale, 
delivery, or removal." 

By virtue of the authority conferred upon the Secretary of the Treasury by 
the foregoing joint resolution, the following regulations are prescribed to govern 
the sale of foreign goods, and the collection of duties thereon, at the International 
Exhibition at Philadelphia : — 

1. No sales of foreign goods for immediate delivery will be allowed unless 
the owner thereof, or his agent, shall have first obtained from the collector of 
customs at Philadelphia a permit, in form to be prescribed by the Secretary of 
the Treasury, authorizing such sales. (Page 129.) 

2. Before such a permit is granted, a complete schedule of all articles imported 
for the Exhibition by the person or his agent desiring to make sales, enumerating 
separately and in numerical order the articles intended for sale, must be filed 
with the proper customs officer, and actual verification and appraisement of same 
made and returned by the appraiser. 

3. Such schedule, when duly signed and sworn to by the owner of the goods 
therein described, or his agent, will be treated as in the nature of a combined 
invoice and entry, the duties of which will be extended and liquidated thereon, 
and a record made thereof, in a book to be kept for that purpose, in debit and 
credit form. (Page 128.) 

4. Each exhibitor, or his agent, holding a permit, will be required to keep an 
accurate account of sales made by him, subject at all times to the inspection of 
customs officers ; to make daily returns of goods sold, and to pay the lawful duties 
thereon daily, or at such times as the collector of customs may designate. Blank 
forms for such returns will be furnished by the Treasury Department, and the amounts- 
paid will be duly credited upon the record prescribed by Article III". (Page 
129.) 

5. Any permit granted to an exhibitor under these regulations will be forfeited 
and summarily revoked if the holder thereof shall fail to make due payment of 
duties upon articles sold as required by Article IV., and the collector of the port 
of Philadelphia may refuse to grant a permit, or may revoke the one in force, ir» 
any case when he shall deem such action necessary for the security of the revenue. 

Securing duties. 6. Upon the failure of any exhibitor or his agent to make return and pay 
duties on goods sold as required by Article IV., the collector will take possession 
of all the stock of such exhibitor in the Exhibition building, and hold the same 
until the duties are paid, and in default of such payment within ten days, such 
stock, or so much thereof as may be sufficient for the purpose of securing such 
duties, will be sent to the public store, and the case reported to the Secretary of 
the Treasury for further instructions. 

7. Any exhibitor who so desires may make entry for consumption of all his 
goods in accordance with the provisions of Article II. of the Treasury regu- 
lations of June 1st, 1876. 



Permit to sell. 



Schedule of 
goods. 



Accepted as an 
invoice and 
entry. 



Daily return of 
goods sold. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 121 

8. The attention of exhibitors is especially called to the provisions of Section Bureau of 
III. of the joint resolution aforesaid, and to Section 3082 of the Revised Statutes 

therein mentioned, which reads as follows : — 

" Sec. 3082. If any person shall fraudulently or knowingly import or bring Fraudulent 
into the United States, or assist in so doing, any merchandise, contrary to law, or importation. 
shall receive, conceal, buy, sell, or in any manner facilitate the transportation, 
concealment, or sale of such merchandise after importation, knowing the same to 
have been imported contrary to law, such merchandise shall be forfeited, and the 
offender shall be fined any sum not exceeding five thousand dollars nor less than 
fifty dollars, or be imprisoned for any time not exceeding two years, or both. 
Whenever, on trial for a violation of this section, the defendant is shown to have 
or have had possession of such goods, such possession shall be deemed evidence 
sufficient to authorize conviction, unless the defendant shall explain the possession 
to the satisfaction of the jury." 

Officers of the customs are also enjoined to see that the conditions of these 
regulations are carefully observed, and, in case of any violation thereof, they 
will take such steps as may be necessary, forthwith, to carry the provisions of 
said section into effect. 

9. The special regulations relative to the disposition of foreign goods at the 
International Exhibition, dated June 1st, 1876, so far only as they conflict here- 
with, are hereby annulled. 

LOT M. MORRILL, 

Secretary. 



(XXX.) 

Circular. — Exportation of Canadian Goods from the 
International Exhibition at Philadelphia. 

i8 76. Treasury Department, 

Department No. 133. _„ , 

Secretary's Office. WASHINGTON, D. C, October 24th, 1876. Treasury 

regulations. 

TO COLLECTORS OF CUSTOMS AND OTHERS. Canadiangoods. 

I. Exportation of goods from the International Exhibition at Philadelphia can Ports for 
be made via the northern frontier only from the ports of Rouse's Point, Suspen- expor 10n - 
sion Bridge, and Buffalo, over routes specially bonded for the purpose. 

At the close of the Exhibition, all goods destined to Canada must be repacked Repacking, 
under the supervision of customs officers, who will carefully check off all articles 
so packed from the schedule previously filed by the exhibitor of all his exhibits, 
giving a specific description of each article and the value thereof, as prescribed by 
the regulations of June 1st, 1876. 

The package, when closed, will be immediately corded and sealed by the officer. 

A special entry for transportation and export, in form to be prescribed by the Transportation 
■department, will be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the commissioner entry XP ° r 
representing the country from which the goods were imported, in which entry the 
packages to be exported will be described by marks, numbers, contents, and 
values, and a permit for exportation will be issued by the collector, and counter- 
signed by the naval officer. 















122 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Manifests. 



Inspection of 
cars and 
forwarding to 
destination. 



Regulations for 
other ports. 



Entry for 
consumption. 



The packages will then be laden upon the cars for transportation to the frontier 
port of exportation under the supervision of the customs officers, who will see 
that each car is securely fastened with customs locks or seals. Triplicate manifests 
for each car so laden, describing the packages by marks and numbers, will be 
prepared and signed by the proper agent of the railroad company, one of which 
the collector will cause to be forwarded by the first mail to the collector or other 
customs officer at the port or place of destination of the car, — one will be sent 
with the car, and the third will be returned to the custom-house by the shipping 
officer with his report of lading. 

II. On arrival at the frontier port, the manifest accompanying the car will be 
forthwith delivered to the collector or other chief revenue officer of such port, to 
be retained by him, and the proper inspecting officer will carefully inspect the 
cording, sealing, and branding of the packages, and compare them with the 
manifests. 

Should the goods be found not to agree with the manifest, or should there be 
any reason to believe that any of the packages have been tampered with, changed,, 
or abstracted, the collector will take immediate possession of the goods remaining, 
and send a statement of the case to the Secretary of the Treasury, at the same 
time notifying the collector of the port from which said goods were forwarded, 
and taking proper measures for their recovery. 

If the packages be found to agree in all respects with the manifests, and if 
the cords, seals, and brands are intact, the collector will reseal the cars. 

When the triplicate manifest shall have been received, it will be compared 
with the manifest or manifests accompanying the car, and, if they shall agree, the 
collector will then permit the packages to be forwarded to their final destination, 
and will transmit by mail to the collector of customs at Philadelphia a certificate, 
according to form 183 of the general regulations of the department, showing 
that the goods have been duly exported. 

III. This certificate will be compared with the proper entry by the collector 
of customs at Philadelphia, and filed for reference. 

IV. Exportation to Canada of exhibits via frontier ports not enumerated 
above, or of merchandise brought from any other country than Canada, must be 
made under the regulations of the department governing the exportation of 
dutiable merchandise in transit. 

V. Canadian goods not exported may be repacked in the presence of a 
customs officer, and carefully checked off from the schedule above alluded to,, 
and entered for consumption or warehouse, at the owner's option. 

Collectors on the frontier, and all concerned, are enjoined to exercise grea 
care that the proceedings herein prescribed shall be taken in such a manner as to 
prevent, so far as practicable, any action on the part of the shippers whereby the 
latter or other persons may become liable to any of the penalties denounced by 
acts of Congress for violation of the revenue laws. 

LOT M. MORRILL, 

Secretary* 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 23 

(XXXI.) Bureau of 

Transportation. 

Treasury Department, 
Washington, D. C, October 26th, 1876. 

COLLECTOR OF CUSTOMS, PHILADELPHIA, PA. 

Sir : — For your guidance the department adds the following special directions Special 
to the printed instructions of a general nature contained in the circular issued directions from 

r ° I reasury 

June 1st, July 2ist, and October 24th, 1876, governing the exportation of Department, 
exhibits : — 

1 . No bond will be required from exhibitors on the exportation of their goods Bonds, 
at the close of the Exhibition, provided they shall be transported in accordance 

with existing regulations to the port whence finally exported, over a route 
specially bonded for such transportation. 

2. The free entry of dutiable exhibits intended as gifts is governed by the Free entry of 
general provisions of the acts of Congress in force prior to the Exhibition, no g 

special provision relating to the matter having been made. The right to such 
free entry depends upon the nature of the gift, and to whom it is to be given. 

3. Articles for the use of the United States will be taken charge of by the Articles for 
collector, as provided for in article 369 of the general regulations, and appli- Government 3 
cation for free entry should be made by the proper department of the Government, 

the collector notifying this department of the facts in the case. In other cases 
a list of the articles to be presented should be forwarded to the Secretary of the 
Treasury, through the collector of customs, mentioning the donee and the 
quantity of each article, and describing the gift sufficiently to show its character, 
and enable the department to decide whether free entry may be legally permitted. 

4. Articles belonging to foreign governments, entered for exhibition only, Goods of foreign 
and having no commercial value, may be entered for exportation without a g° vernments - 
statement of the facts ordinarily required in regard to values. 

5. Entries of articles belonging to private exhibitors must show the dutiable 
value, as indicated in the blanks furnished by the department. 

Respectfully, 

L. M. MORRILL, 

Secretary, 



(XXXII.) 

Instructions for the Withdrawal of Foreign Goods 
from the Centennial Exhibition. 

Instructions by 

Custom House, Collector of 

Philadelphia, November 3d, 1876. Philadelphia. 
The act of Congress, July 20th, 1876, and the regulations of the department The sale of goods 
with reference thereto, permits the sale and delivery of dutiable articles (daily discontinued, 
returns of such sales being made) only " during the Exhibition" consequently 



124 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 

Final report of 
sales. 



Different ways 
of withdrawing 
goods and 
procedure under 
each. 



Canadian "goods, 



such permission will cease with the close of the Exhibition at six o'clock on the 
evening of November 10th. 

All exhibitors of foreign goods who have availed themselves of this act and 
have received " the special permit " to make such sales, will make return on the 
nth of goods sold and delivered on the previous day, as heretofore, and also, 
on a separate blank, of all goods sold by them during the Exhibition, for delivery 
at its close, which will be delivered as soon as the duties have been paid thereon. 

All foreign goods not sold and delivered, as above stated, may be withdrawn 
on and after November nth, as follows : — 

First. — By making consumption entry and payment of duties thereon. 

Second. — By making warehouse entry, and giving the usual bond. 

Third. — By making special entry for transportation in bond, or transportation 
and export. 

Each and every of these respective entries may be made on a certified extract 
of the original invoice, if said invoice be in detail. If this cannot be procured, 
a bulk or consolidated invoice, giving the total valuation of the exhibit, will be 
accepted, if accompanied by a schedule enumerating the several articles, with 
their respective values, comprising the above-described consolidated invoice. 

Goods entered for consumption will be delivered by a customs officer at the 
Centennial Buildings immediately on payment of duties. 

Goods entered for warehouse, for transportation in bond, or for exportation, 
must be repacked under the supervision of a customs officer, who will carefully 
check off from the invoice or schedule referred to all articles so packed, and 
will cord and seal the package when closed. 

When goods are entered for warehouse, the usual warehouse bond with suffi- 
cient sureties will be required, and said goods will be forwarded by bonded cars 
or drays to the designated warehouse. 

When goods are entered for export, no bond will be required of the parties, 
providing the exhibits are forwarded from the Exhibition grounds by the Phila- 
delphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company to the port of Baltimore, 
or by the Pennsylvania Railroad Company to the ports of Philadelphia or New 
York, and from these ports by regular steamship lines plying from said ports 
direct to any foreign port. 

Goods entered for export to Canada may be forwarded by the Pennsylvania 
Railroad Company to the ports of Buffalo, Suspension Bridge, and Rouse's Point; 
but exhibitors exporting by any other routes, through any other ports than those 
above named, will be required to give the usual exportation bond with sufficient 
sureties, unless otherwise specially ordered by the Secretary of the Treasury. 

The above entries may be made by the exhibitor or his agent, or by the 
commissioner representing the country from which the goods were imported. 

The special entry for transportation in bond, and for transportation and export, 
and the entry for warehouse, must describe the packages by marks, numbers, 
contents, values, &c, and on permit being granted by the collector said packages 
will be laden upon the cars of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the 
Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company, under the super- 
vision of a customs officer, who will see that each car is securely fastened with 
customs locks and seals, the above-named railroad companies having given 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I 25 

special bond conditioned for the safe delivery of exhibits at the ports heretofore Bureau of 

, Transportation, 

named. 

No entry for withdrawal will be accepted, nor goods delivered, unless an Warehouse entry 
entry has first been made at the port of Philadelphia for the admission of the indispensable, 
goods to the Exhibition, as provided for in department regulations of November 
1st, 1875. If, therefore, any exhibitor has omitted to make such entry he should 
make it at once, as that is a necessary preliminary to making a withdrawal entry 
of any kind. 

Exhibits belonging to foreign governments, entered for exhibition only, and Goods of foreign 
having little or no commercial value, may be entered for exportation without a 
statement of the facts ordinarily required in regard to values, and the invoice or 
schedule may be of a more general character ; but entries of articles belonging 
to private exhibitors must show the dutiable value, as indicated in the blank 
furnished by the department. 

Application for free entry of dutiable exhibits intended as gifts to the U. S. Gifts. 
Government, or to public, educational, or charitable institutions, must be for- 
warded to the Secretary of the Treasury, through the collector of customs, 
mentioning the donee, and giving a list of the articles, and the quantity of each, 
with a sufficient description to show the character of the gift and enable the 
department to decide whether or not free entry may legally be permitted, and 
except when presented to the United States, should be accompanied with a state- 
ment under oath of some officer of the institution to which presented, stating its 
object, whether or not regularly incorporated, &c. 

The law does not authorize any allowance for damage to exhibits, if such Damaged goods, 
damage was occasioned merely by exposure or lapse of time while they were on 
exhibition. 

Goods on which duties were paid on regular centennial entry and which Drawbacks, 
remain unsold at the close of the Exhibition may be withdrawn for exportation 
with benefit of drawback in the usual manner. 

The necessary blanks for entries, permits, manifests, &c. will be furnished by 
this office. 

A. P. TUTTON, 

Collector. 



(XXXIII.) 

Custom House, Collector's Office, 

Philadelphia, Pa., December 13th, 1876. 

The International Exhibition having been formally and legally closed on the Notice by the 
tenth day of November, the regulations of the Commission requiring that exhib- Philadelphia, 
itors shall complete the removal of their goods, wares, and merchandise before 
December 31st, 1876, notice is hereby given to all exhibitors and others having 
foreign merchandise in the care and custody of the customs officers, that such 
effects must be duly entered for consumption, export, or warehouse, and removed, 
by the thirty-first day of December, inst., or such articles will be treated as Goods treated as 
unclaimed, and placed in the United States public warehouse. 

A. P. TUTTON, 

Collector. 







126 



INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



(XXXIV.) 



[This form is furnished as a guide to shippers, but any invoice conforming thereto in substance 

will be accepted.] 



Form of invoice. FORM OF INVOICE OF ARTICLES INTENDED FOR THE INTER- 
NATIONAL Exhibition of 1876. 

(Extract from Treasury Regulations of November 1st, 1S75.) 

Regulation. 4 Invoices showing the marks, numbers, character, quantity, and foreign market value of 

articles intended for such Exhibition shall be authenticated by the hand and official seal of the 
commissioner for the International Exhibition appointed by the government of the country from 
which such articles are imported, and shall be made in triplicate and forwarded, — one copy to the 
collector of customs for the port at which it is intended such articles shall enter the United 
States, one copy to the collector of customs for the port of Philadelphia, and one copy to the 
consignee or agent of the shipper. In case it shall be impracticable to obtain the authentication 
of a commissioner under official seal, verification by a consular officer of the United States may 
be accepted instead. 

^UTOice of articles intended to be shipped from 



per steamer , to 

in the United States, by 

and consigned to. . 

for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia. 



DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES. 



[On the back of the above was printed the following : — ] 

OATH OF OWNER, MANUFACTURER, OR DULY AUTHORIZED AGENT OF 
SUCH OWNER OR MANUFACTURER. 



I, • 



-, of- 



-, do solemnly and truly declare that I am the *- 



of the goods, wares, and merchandise in the annexed invoice mentioned and described ; that the 
said invoice is in all respects true ; that it contains a true and full statement of the actual market 
value of said goods, wares, and merchandise at the time and place when and where the same 
were purchased, procured, or manufactured ; of the actual quantity of said goods, wares, and 
merchandise, and of all charges thereon ; that no discounts, bounties, or drawbacks are con- 
tained in said invoice, except such as have been actually allowed thereon ; and that no invoice 
different from the one now produced has been or will be furnished to any one. I further declare 
that it is intended to make entry of the said goods, wares, and merchandise at the port of 
Philadelphia, in the United States of America, for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 
1876. 

(Signed in Triplicate.) . 



Personally appeared before me the above-named , and took and subscribed 

the foregoing oath. And I do certify that I am satisfied that the articles described in the annexed 
invoice are intended in good faith to be exhibited at the International Exhibition of 1876, at 
Philadelphia. 

In Testimony Whereof, I hereto set my hand and official seal, this day of , 187 — 



■f- Commissioner for the International Exhibition of 187b, at Philadelphia. 

•Insert "owner." "manufacturer," or "duly authorized agent of the owner," (or manufacturer,) as the 
case may be. 

tlf such commissioner is not authorized to administer oaths, the invoice must be verified by a U. S. con- 
sul or consular agent, and the authentication of the commissioner, under ofiicial seal, as to the good faith of 
the exhibitor may be added. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 27 

(XXXV.) 

17/7S / Act ofJunei8th, 1874. -V T 8,f; 

J V/ W - \ Regulations of November ist, 1875 .) 10/V. 

United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition 

Entry No Custom House, Port of Philadelphia, , 187 . 



Bureau of 
Transportation . 



SPECIAL ENTRY FOR WAREHOUSE OF ARTICLES INTENDED Form of special 



FOR THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, 

Imported on the day of. , 187 , by 

in the , , .Master, from 

transported from to Philadelphia. 



warehouse entry. 



., and 



Marks. 


Numbers. 


Packages and Contents. 










Dutiable Value of 
each Package. 























(On the back of this blank was the following form of oath :— ) 

District and Port of Philadelphia. 



CONSIGNEE'S, IMPORTER'S, OR AGENT'S OATH. • 

I, , do solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that the invoice and bill of lading 

now presented by me to the collector of Philadelphia are the true and only invoice and bill of lading- by me 
received, of all the articles, goods, wares, and merchandise intended for the International Exhibition of 1876, at 

Philadelphia, imported in the , whereof is Master, from , 

for account of any person whomsoever for whom I arn authorized to enter the same ; that the said invoice and 
bill of lading are in the state in which they were actually received by me, and that I do not know or believe in 
the existence of any other invoice or bill of lading of the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise ; that the 
entry now delivered to the collector contains a just and true account of the said articles, goods, wares, and 
merchandise according to said invoice and bill of lading; that nothing has been, on my part, nor to my 
knowledge on the part of any other person, concealed or suppressed, whereby the United States may be 
defrauded of any part of the duty lawfully due or which may become due on the said articles, goods, wares, and 
merchandise; that the said invoice and the declaration thereon are in all respects true and were made by the 
person by whom the same purport to have been made ; and that if at any time hereafter I discover any error in 
the said invoice or in the account now tendered of the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, or receive 
any other invoice of the same, I will immediately make the same known to the collector of this district. And I 

do further solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that, to the best of my knowledge and belief, 

is the owner of the articles, goods, wares, and merchandise mentioned in the annexed entry; that the invoice 

now produced by me exhibits the actual cost or fair market value at of the said 

articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, all charges thereon, and no other or different discount, bounty, or 
drawback, but such as has been actually allowed on the same. 

Sworn to this day 

of 7 , 

before me, 

Deputy Collector* 

OWNER'S OATH. 

l f , do solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that the entry now delivered by 

me to the collector of Philadelphia contains a just and true account of all the articles, goods, wares, and 
merchandise intended for the International Exhibition of 1876, at Philadelphia, imported by or consigned to 

me, in the , whereof is Master, from ; that the 

invoice which I now produce contains a just and faithful account of the actual cost of the said articles, goods, 
wares, and merchandise, of all charges thereon, including charges of purchasing, carriages, bleaching, dyeing, 
dressing, finishing, putting up and packing, and no other discount, drawback, or bounty, but such as has been 
actually allowed on the same ; that I do not know nor believe in the existence of any invoice or bill of lading 
other than those now produced by me ; that they are in the state in which I actually received them; and that 
the said invoice and the declaration thereon are in all respects true and were made by the person by whom the 
same purport to have been made. And I do further solemnly, sincerely, and truly swear that I have not, in the 
said entry or invoice, concealed or suppressed anything whereby the United States may be defrauded of any 
part of the duty lawfully due or which may become due on the said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise; 
and that if at any time hereafter I discover any error in the said invoice, or in the account now produced of the 
said articles, goods, wares, and merchandise, or receive any other invoice thereof, I will immediately make the 
same known to the collector of this district. 



Sworn to this day 

of , 187 , 

before me. 



Deputy Collector* 










Bureau of 
Transportation. 



128 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(XXXVI.) 

,*.**£. ( Act of June 18th, 1874. \ TR*7f^ 

1//U. ^.Regulations November ist, 1875 J IO/U. 

United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition. 

special permit to send articles, imported for the in- 
TERNATIONAL EXHIBITION OF 1876, TO THE CENTENNIAL 
BUILDINGS. 



Entry No. __ Custom House, Philadelphia. 

Collector's Office, . 187 

You are directed to send to the Exhibition Buildings the fol- 
lowing articles intended for the International Exhibition, and duly entered by 



Special form of To the Inspector 
permit. 



DESCRIPTION OF MERCHANDISE. 



Imported on the day of, _.. 187 , in the. 

, Master, from 



Collector. 



Naval Officer. 



Affidavit to list 
of goods. 



(XXXVII.) 

Form of Affidavit made to Lists of Goods for sale 
under Regulation, July 21st, 1876. 

AGENT'S OATH. 

I, agent of 

do solemnly, sincerely, and truly declare and swear that the foregoing schedule 
contains a complete list of the goods of the above exhibitor ; that the quantities 
and values therein given are true, to the best of my knowledge, information, 
and belief. I further swear that I will faithfully comply with the department's 
regulations as set forth in circular of July 21st, 1876. 

Sworn and subscribed before me 

1 

this day 

of 1876. 

Acting Deputy Collector. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. 1 29 

(XXXVIII.) Bureau of 

Transportation. 

f- f United States of America. — Centennial \ ~ fi 
\ Exhibition. J 

DAILY RETURN and entry of dutiable articles sold by Form of return 

, exhibitor, Section, of daily sales. 

on the day of , 1876, the same having 

been heretofore returned to the custom house and enumerated in Schedule 
No by said exhibitor. 



No. of Article 
per Schedule. 



DESCRIPTION OF ARTICLES. 



I Certify, On oath, that the foregoing is a true account of all articles sold 
by me on the _ day of , 1876. 



Sworn to before me this day of , 1876. 

Deputy Collector. 



776. J 



(XXXIX.) 

United States of America. — Centennial , 
Exhibition. 



Special Permit to Sell and Deliver Foreign Goods in 
Exhibition Buildings. 

Custom House, 
Philadelphia, 1876. special permit to 

sell goods. 
___,an exhibitor in the section, having 



fully complied with all the requirements of the treasury regulations of July 21st, 
1876, governing the sale of foreign goods at the International Exhibition, 
permission is hereby granted him to make sales, with immediate delivery, of 
articles exhibited by him, consisting of • 



which are particularly described and enumerated in the schedule filed by said 
exhibitor, numbered 

Such sales may be made from day to day so long as said exhibitor shall make 
daily returns of sales to the proper customs officer, and, in accordance with said 
regulations, pay duties upon all articles sold. 

Witness my hand and official seal this day of 1876. 

[seal] Collector. 

(This permit must be kept in a conspicuous place in or upon the exhibitor's case.) 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



Form of special 
manifest. 



I30 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(XL.) 

mfs ( Act of June 18th, 1874. \ xR^f, 

L // KJ - V Regulations of November ist, 1875. ) 10 / u 

United States of America. — Centennial Exhibition. 

SPECIAL MANIFEST OF ARTICLES FOR THE CENTENNIAL 
EXHIBITION. 

Laden in car No of the R. R. at 

for immediate transportation to the Centennial buildings, at the port of Philadel- 
phia, State of Pennsylvania, by way of. to be delivered to the 

Collector or other proper officer of the Customs on arrival at the place of desti- 
nation, viz.: — 



Marks. 


Nos. 


Packages. 


Contents. 


Shipper. 


Consignee. 


Photograph 






















of Seals. 







(To be signed by conductor or agent of Transportation Company.) 



Agent. 



(On the back of this blank was the following certificate :— ) 



Port of 187 

I certify that the within manifest is correct ; that the articles therein described 

have been laden under my supervision on board car No of the 

Company. 



Inspector of Customs. 



CONDUCTOR OR AGENT'S REPORT OF ARRIVAL. 



Port of 187 

The within-described articles have arrived at this port, and are now on board 
car No at the Centennial Grounds. 



Agent. 



REPORT OF THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL. I3I 

(XLI.) Bureau of 

Transportation. 

Bond of Importer upon withdrawal for repairs of dam- 
aged ARTICLES ENTERED FOR THE CENTENNIAL EXHIBITION. 

Know all Men by these Presents, That we, Bond for tempo- 
rary withdrawal 



of goods. 



, as principals, 

and ^_ '- 

as sureties, are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America 

in the sum of dollars, 

to be paid to the United States, for the payment whereof we bind ourselves, our 
heirs, executors, administrators, and assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these 

presents. Witness our hands and seals, at the port of_ , 

this day of , eighteen hundred and 

seventy-six. 

Whereas, Certain goods, wares, and merchandise, consisting of 



were originally imported at the port of , in the, . 

whereof is master, from 

on the day of eighteen hundred 

and seventy-six ; 

And Whereas, The above-bounden principals have entered the same at the 
port of Philadelphia for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, under 
the provisions of the act of Congress, approved June 18th, 1874, entitled "An 
act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition of 
eighteen hundred and seventy-six," and the regulations of the Treasury Depart- 
ment made in pursuance thereof, as per special warehouse entry No. , in 

which said goods, wares, and merchandise are also described and set forth; and 
it appearing that said articles have been damaged by breakage, and permission 
having been granted to said principal to withdraw the same from the exhibition 
buildings for the purpose of having the necessary repairs thereon made. 

Now, therefore, the condition of the above obligation is such, 
That if said goods, wares, and merchandise shall, in accordance with the regula- 
tions of the Treasury Department, be duly returned to the exhibition buildings 

within days, and duly deposited in the place assigned for their 

exhibition, then this obligation to be void; otherwise, to remain in full force. 

Signed and sealed in presence of 

.. [seal] 



. [seal] 
.. [seal] 



Bureau of 
Transportation. 



132 INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION, 1876. 

(XLII.) 

Special Bond. — International Exhibition. 



Special bond 
securing duties. 



Know all Men by these Presents, That we,. 



as principals, and. 



as sureties, are held and firmly bound unto the United States of America in the 
sum of dollars, to be paid to the United States; for the pay- 
ment whereof we bind ourselves, our heirs, executors, administrators, and 
assigns, jointly and severally, firmly by these presents. Witness our hands and 

seals, at the port of , this day of , 

eighteen hundred and seventy-six. 

Whereas, Certain goods, wares, and merchandise, consisting of 



were originally imported at the port of. . , in the 

whereof is master, from on the.. 

day of eighteen hundred and seventy-six; 



And whereas, The above bounden principals have this day entered the same 
at the port of Philadelphia for exhibition at the International Exhibition of 1876, 
under the provisions of the act of Congress, approved June 1 8th, 1874, entitled 
"An act to admit free of duty articles intended for the International Exhibition 
of eighteen hundred and seventy-six," and the regulations of the Treasury 
Department made in pursuance thereof, as per special warehouse entry number 

, in which said goods, wares, and merchandise are also described 

and set forth. 

Now, therefore, the condition of the above obligation is such, 
That if said goods, wares, and merchandise shall, in accordance with the regu- 
lations of the Treasury Department, be and remain in the place duly assigned 
for their exhibition during the continuance of said Exhibition and at the close 
thereof shall be regularly entered either for consumption, warehouse, or export, 
then this obligation shall be void ; otherwise, to remain in full force. 



Signed and sealed in presence of 



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. [seal] 



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